Brain & Body
The two most important contributors to children’s height.
What are ethnic origin and nutrition?
In this stage, children represent the world with words and drawings.
What is the preoperational stage?
Strict parenting with little warmth.
What is authoritarian parenting?
A child believes rules are fixed and unchangeable.
What is heteronomous morality?
Perception of a person's self-worth. "I am smart."
What is self-esteem?
The process of insulating nerve cells with fat cells.
What is myelination?
The inability to see another’s perspective.
What is egocentrism?
Warm, responsive parenting with high expectations.
What is authoritative parenting?
The belief that punishment happens immediately after a rule is broken.
What is immanent justice?
Domain-specific evaluations (academic, athletic, appearance).
What is self-concept?
Hopping, running, and climbing involve these motor skills.
What are gross motor skills?
Focusing on one characteristic while ignoring others.
What is centration?
Parenting style that is uninvolved and shows little control.
What is neglectful parenting?
Kohlberg’s lowest level of moral reasoning. Based on fear of punishment.
What is preconventional reasoning?
Belief in one’s ability to succeed.
What is self-efficacy?
Advances in this part of the brain improve attention and reasoning.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
The range of tasks a child can do with guidance but not alone.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
A parent who minimizes or ignores a child’s feelings.
What is emotion-dismissing?
Kohlberg’s highest level of moral reasoning. Based on what they personally believe is right, rather than simply following the rules established by society.
What is postconventional reasoning?
Erikson’s stage where children focus on making and doing.
What is industry vs. inferiority?
A disorder involving difficulties with reading and spelling.
What is dyslexia?
Support that adjusts as the child becomes more skilled.
What is scaffolding?
A parent who helps a child label and manage emotions.
What is emotion-coaching?
Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors about rules and conventions.
What is moral development?
Peer acceptance measured by likes and dislikes.
What is sociometric status?