Show:
Terms
Prior Learning
Pavlovian Applications/ Operant reinforcement
Variables Affecting Reinforcement
Miscellaneous
100
The adaptive value of learning that a relation no longer exists
What is extinction
100
Example: tone and shock are paired to a rat, and eventually the tone elicits a CR of freezing; then extinction occurs; after extinction, you present tone and shock pairings again, and the CR is elicited much faster than originally
What is Reconditioning
100
Type of reinforcer in which the reinforcing efficacy is unlearned
What is Primary Reinforcers
100
When a pigeon at 70% ffw is more likely to have greater or faster learning than a pigeon at 90% ffw
What is deprivation level affecting reinforcement
100
This person mainly worked with operant learning and conditioning
Who is Skinner
200
Imagining more and more intense versions of the CS while relaxed
What is Systematic Desensitization
200
When an extinguished CR reappears when CS occurs after some time without it
What is spontaneous recovery
200
When a "positive" CS is paired with an aversive US
What is Aversion Therapy
200
Example: a pigeon pecks a yellow key, it immediately turns blue for 10 seconds, then food is delivered
What is Signaled Delayed Reinforcement
200
Reinforcement that is delivered automatically, such as enjoyment after reading
What is Natural Reinforcement
300
When adding a consequence increases the behavior strength or the likelihood of it occurring again
What is positive reinforcement
300
The "context-related" extinction phenomenon- extinction is done twice, but one context is different than the original acquisition environment, and one context is the same
What is renewal
300
Discriminative stimulus, response, consequence
What is three-term contingency
300
The reinforcer occurs if and only if the response occurs
What is contingency
300
He came up with the Law of Effect
Who is Thorndike
400
Example: a child cries and throws a tantrum because it prevents parent's requests
What is negative reinforcement
400
Example: drug related stimuli, such as needles, elicit drug cravings due to repeated pairings with a drug; then extinction occurs and the needles no longer elicit cravings; the drug is then consumed; the needles then begin to elicit the cravings again
What is reinstatement- brief exposure to only the US (drug) reinstates the CR
400
Example of a type of reinforcer: A kid gets to watch his favorite movie if he brushes his teeth
What is Contrived Reinforcer- the reinforcer is delivered non-automatically
400
During this type of reinforcement, there is potential for accidental reinforcement of other behaviors
What is Unsignaled Delayed Reinforcement
400
the reinforcement of successive approximations to a "target" response
What is shaping
500
The reinforcer occurs if an only if the response occurs
What is contingency
500
Example: When the scent of apple pie makes you crave your Grandmother's apple pie, even though you're not presented with her apple pie
What is Spontaneous Recovery
500
A type of aversion therapy failure; a person will undergo aversion therapy in the lab, but if they go back to the environment in which they used to drink, such as a "drinking friend's house", they may relapse
What is renewal
500
Example: there is a "know-it-all" student in a class room who raises his hand too much; you want him to raise his hand less often, but not extinguish it. If he raises his hand once, he has to wait at least two minutes before raising his hand again to get reinforced, or called upon. If he doesn't wait at least two minutes, the timer starts over
What is DRL, or differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule
500
The spread of learning, where CR's are elicited to untrained, but mostly similar stimuli
What is generalization