Explain This
What is the difference between Basic and applied research
Basic research is when we try to understand the world without a goal
applied research is when we are trying to find a particular solution
Cognition
Understanding processes that produce complex behaviour
Who were the two earliest philosophers to talk about Cognition and what school of thought did they align with?
Aristotle: empiricism- knowledge is only from experience
Plato: Rationalism- knowledge is the result or observation and prior reasoning
What sense does not go through the thalamus
Olfaction- it is directly connected to it's brain regions
Name a limit of behaviourism
It can't account for complex human behaviour- assumes learning is thesame for everyone
Why do we take longer to process certain things
because it is novel and we are uncertain of it so our brain must put more energy into solving it
Ecological validity
to what extent is this true in the world
Name the three earliest school of thoughts for experimental psych
structuralism, functionalism, and behaviourism
Prosopagnosia is facial blindness but where has this damage occurred?
Fusiform face area
What is the issue with synaesthesia
it is a neuroligcal condition where a sense automatically triggers the experience of another
what type of representation does the eye get
contralateral representation, the right hemisphere perceives the left visual field
Perceptual filling in and a blindspot
Blindspot: a place at the optic nerve where there are no photoreceptors
perceptual filling in: the brain provides missing info from surronding areas
name the two school of thoughts of dealing with the mind and body issue, and a sub category
dualism: Epiphenomenalism, interactionism
monism: idealism, neutral, materialsim
What are the two types of agnosia
Apperceptive agnosia- problems perceiving things
assocative agnosia: problems assignning meaning to obejects
what is the issue with inattentiaonl blindness and change blindness
Change blindness is the inability to detect changes in a scene • Inattentional blindness is not noticing something new in your focus of attention
What is the ventral and dorsal pathway and what are their pathways
For the eyes
The ventral pathway describes what something is - occipital to temporal lobe
The dorsal pathway describe where something is - occipital to parietal love
Affordances
Cues indicate potential function of an object
Name all three theories of selective attention
load theory:Attentional filtering (selection) can occur at different points of processing
late selection filter model: We process input to the level of the meaning, and then select what we want to process further
treisman's attenuator model:An early filter dials down the influence of unattended material • Some aspects of unattended material to be processed for meaning
Boadbent's early selection filter model: You filter information at the level of perception, before information is processed for meaning (semantic analysis)
What are the two disorders linked to imagery
Hyperphantasia- extremely vivid visual imagery and aphantasia- the complete inability to form mental images
What is akinetopsia and what is damage
It is visual motion blindness and the dorsal pathway is damaged
Balint syndrome is made up of 3 things what are they, and what part of the brain is damaged
Optic ataxia: problems with grasping or visual control 2. Oculomotor apraxia: Inability voluntarily shift gaze 3. Simultanagnosia: Inability to identify or use more than one object in a scene
Bilateral parietal and occipital lobe damage
What is the McGurk Effect
A multisensory illusion A voice articulating a consonant (/ba/) paired with a face articulating another one (/fa/) leads you to “hear” what you “see” A change in auditory perception from visual perception to reconcile these incongruent inputs
the imagery debate between kosslyn and plyshyn are between two representations what are they and define them?
Kosslyn (1994) Images are depictive representations. Analog codes that maintain perceptual and spatial characteristics of objects.
Pylyshyn (1973)Images are descriptive representations. Symbolic codes that convey abstract conceptual information; do not resemble the real world.
name all the main components of the ear (including sub units) and their job
Middle ear: Ossicles- malleus, incus, stapes- transfer and amplifies sound vibrations from outside to inside
inner ear: cochlea, basilar membrane, auditory nerve- converts sound vibrations into neural signal
What is blindsight
No conscious awareness of visual objects in their damaged visual field