Chapter 11
A behaviour composed of two or more stimulus-response components.
What is a Behavioural Chain?
Helps to identify the antecedents that evoke a behaviour and the reinforcing consequences of that behaviour.
What is Functional Assessment?
Extinction is faster when the behaviour was reinforced on a continuous schedule of reinforcement versus an intermittent schedule.
How does the Schedule of Reinforcement change Extinction?
What is Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviour (DRA)?
When antecedent stimuli are presented or removed to evoke the occurrence of a desirable behaviour and decrease competing behaviours.
What is Antecedent Interventions?
It identifies the stimulus and response in each component of the chain.
What is a Task Analysis?
Indirect assessment, direct observation assessment, and experimental/functional analysis.
What are the ways a Functional Assessment can be Conducted?
Reinforce an alternative behaviour to replace the problem behaviour.
What should you Always do when using Extinction?
When you reinforce the absence of the problem behaviour during intervals of time. If it does not occur in that interval, then give reinforcement. If it does, then the interval is reset.
What is Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviour (DRO)?
When the SD is present, the behaviour is more likely to occur. If it is not present, then the behaviour is less likely to occur.
How does the presence of an SD change a behaviour?
One teaches the last stimulus-response component first and then works to the first component. The other teaches the first stimulus-response component first and then works to the last component.
What is the difference between Forward and Backward Chaining?
Gathering information on the antecedents and consequences of a behaviour by listening to other people who know the client using interviews or questionnaires.
What is Indirect Assessment?
Conduct a functional assessment to identify the consequences that are reinforcing the problem behaviour.
What should you do first before using Extinction?
When you reinforce a lower rate of the behaviour. You can reinforce if it occurs less than a certain amount or if it doesn’t occur before a certain time passes.
What is Differential Reinforcement of a Lower Rate of the Behaviour (DRL)?
Removing an establishing operation or presenting an abolishing operation for an undesirable behaviour makes it less likely.
When the entire chain of behaviours is prompted through learning. Often is used with graduated guidance.
What is Total Task Presentation?
Observing and recording antecedents, behaviours, and consequences as they occur in the natural environment. Can be done with descriptive method, checklist method, or interval method.
What is Direct Observation Assessment?
1. Have you identified the reinforcer? 2. Can you eliminate the reinforcer? 3. Is extinction safe to use? 4. Can extinction bursts be tolerated? 5. Can consistency be maintained using extinction?
What Five Questions should be addressed before using Extinction?
In DRA, it is involved when the alternative behaviour is present. In DRO, it is involved when there is an absence of the problem behaviour. In DRL, it is involved when a lower rate of the behaviour occurs.
How is Reinforcement involved in Differential Reinforcement?
Less response effort makes the behaviour more likely. More response effort makes the behaviour less likely.
How does Response Effort affect Behaviour?
What are Alternative Chaining Procedures?
Manipulating the antecedents and consequences to determine their influence on the behaviour. Allows to establish a functional relationship between the antecedents/consequences and the behaviour.
What is Experimental/Functional Analysis
By using extinction consistently over time whenever and wherever the behaviour occurs.
How is Generalization maintained in Extinction?
When is Extinction involved in Differential Reinforcement?
Extinction, differential reinforcement, and antecedent intervention.
What are the Functional Approaches to intervention for a problem behaviour?