Validity Ventures
This type of validity ensures the study's results can be generalized to real-world settings.
What is external validity?
This threat occurs when participants are chosen in such a way that they do not represent the larger population.
What is selection bias?
A between-subjects design is best known for having good ______ validity?
What is a randomized control trial or between-subjects design?
This variable is what the researcher manipulates to see if it has an effect on another variable.
What is an independent variable?
This design involves testing the same subjects under all conditions or treatments.
What is a within-subjects design or repeated measures design?
When a study accurately tests what it intends to test, it's said to have this kind of validity.
What is construct validity?
A change in test-takers' scores on a second administration of a test due to having taken the test before, not because of the variable being tested.
What is practice effect or test-retest bias?
This statistical method is often used to analyze data collected from a between-subjects design to compare two or more groups.
What is ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)?
This variable is what the researcher measures to see if it is affected by changes in another variable.
What is a dependent variable?
Unlike a between-subjects design, a within-subjects design is said to have the highest amount of _____?
What is power?
This term describes the extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the manipulations of the independent variable.
What is internal validity?
This term describes the situation where factors outside the study affect the dependent variable, confounding the results.
What are extraneous variables?
This term describes the effect where the mere presence of an intervention causes change, not the intervention itself, often a concern in between-subjects designs.
What is the placebo effect?
These variables are not of interest to the researcher but can influence the outcome of the experiment if not controlled.
What are extraneous variables?
The order effect that can occur in within-subject designs when the order of presenting treatments affects the outcome.
What is sequence effect or carryover effect
The validity that concerns whether a test measures the ability it purports to measure, especially with future performance
What is predictive validity?
The threat to internal validity when participants drop out of a study at different rates between groups or conditions
What is attrition or mortality?
A method used to ensure that experimental and control groups are equivalent on some criterion before the experiment begins.
What is random assignment?
When an extraneous variable that you failed to control for ends up affecting the dependent variable, it is called this.
What is a confounding variable?
The research being conducted is based on a learning paradigm, for this study what type of design should be used?
What is a between-subjects design
This type of validity refers to the degree to which an assessment measures a non-observable trait or construct.
What is content validity?
The phenomenon where participants behave differently because they know they are being studied, not because of the experimental manipulation
What is the Hawthorne effect?
This bias occurs in between-subject designs when the experimenter unknowingly influences participants through nonverbal cues.
What is experimenter bias?
This type of variable is adjusted or controlled by the researcher to see if it changes the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
What is a moderator variable?
An employee learns that if 50 calls are made for $100 on Monday but then learns that on Tuesday 100 calls need to be made to earn $50, this employee may experience what type of effect?
What is contrast effect?