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Memory
Learning
Personality
Disorders
Therapy
100
Causing someone to misremember an event by asking them leading questions.
What is the misinformation effect?
100
The initial learning of a stimulus response relationship.
What is acquisition?
100
The principle followed by the ego that says behavior must take into account the state of the external world in addition to the needs and urges arising from the id.
What is the reality principle?
100
Thoughts, feelings, behaviors that are 1) deviant 2) distressful 3) dysfunctional
What are psychological disorders?
100
A patient's transfer to their analyst of emotions (positive or negative) that are linked with other relationships they are dealing with.
What is transference?
200
A form of sensory memory for auditory stimuli that lasts 3 or 4 seconds.
What is echoic memory?
200
Occurs when a new neutral stimulus is paired with an existing conditioned stimulus, eventually causing the same conditioned response.
What is higher-order conditioning?
200
One of Freud's psychosexual stages characterized by a lessening of sexual urges and a turn towards other interests whether they be intellectual or social in nature.
What is the latency stage?
200
A list of standard criteria and language used for the classification of psychological disorders by clinicians. Covers all mental health disorders, includes research concerning treatment approaches and tends to be very reliable.
What is the DSM-V?
200
A reaction to the view that human nature is a the mercy of aggressive and dark id impulses. Instead this view emphasizes people's self-fulfillment and growth.
What is the humanistic perspective?
300
The tip of the tongue situation. Whenever a memory was properly encoded and stored but a lack of retrieval cues prevents you from recalling it.
What is retrieval failure?
300
The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
What is generalization?
300
The process of keeping anxiety inducing thoughts, feelings and memories out of consciousness, particularly unacceptable id impulses.
What is repression?
300
A prolonged depressed mood or loss of interest in most daily activities. May be punctuated by periods where a person can function normally.
What is major depressive disorder?
300
Restating what the client says, asking for clarification and acknowledging what they are feeling.
What is active listening?
400
The theory that there are three types of memory stores that hold information: 1) sensory memory 2) working memory and 3) long term memory.
What is the Atkinson - Shiffrin model?
400
Removing an aversive stimulus upon response in order to increase the frequency of responding in the future. For example when the engine is off your car beeps until you take your keys out of the ignition.
What is a negative reinforcer?
400
shifting an impulse from one target to another 'innocent' target that is less threatening.
What is displacement?
400
Persistent and repetitive thoughts and impulses
What are obsessions?
400
Example: To treat alcoholism, a doctor surgically inserts a small capsule under the skin of a patient. The capsule contains a chemical compound such that if the patient ever takes a sip of alcohol, the chemical will get released to their bloodstream and they will feel unbearable pain.
What is aversive conditioning?
500
An example. After moving to London, you have a very difficult time driving on the left side of the road since you originally learned how to drive in the United States.
What is proactive interference?
500
The reinforcement schedule that results in the fastest rate of responding.
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
500
The idea that personality characteristics can be reduced to two basic dimensions.
What is Eysencks' Basic Personality Dimensions?
500
The neurotransmitter that when overactive is responsible for creating hallucinations and paranoia that are common positive symptoms in Schizophrenia.
What is dopamine?
500
A system where secondary reinforcers can be exchanged for primary reinforcers.
What is a token economy?