Fill in the blanks
The major difference between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is that one reliably elicits the response of interest prior to ______ while the other does not
What is conditioning?
Any relative durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience
What is learning?
Conditioned stimulus in the following; Holly was dancing with her new boyfriend. When the band started playing “Fever,” her boyfriend gave her along, passionate kiss. Now, when Holly hears “Fever,” she becomes a little flushed
What is the song “Fever”?
A previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, acquires the capacity to elicit a conditioned response
What is a conditioned stimulus?
Another name for operant conditioning
What is instrumental learning?
In classical, you learn to change a reflexive ______; in operant, you learn to change a voluntary _______
What is behaviour?
Learning associations between events that occur in the environment
What is conditioning?
Unconditioned response in the following; Veronica had been working at Zenex Industries for eight months when her boss called her to his office. The boss told Veronica she was being laid off. Veronica could feel her heart pounding as she listened to the news. Veronica got a new job, but every time her new boss asks to talk to her in private, Veronica feels a little faint.
What is her pounding heart when she heard she was being laid off?
One reliably elicits the response of interest prior to conditioning, while the other does not
What is the major difference between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus?
What the cumulative recorder does in a Skinner box
What is it creates a graphic record of operant responding across time?
_____ a fear of the dark could be accounted for by classical conditioning
What is learning?
The irrational fear and anxiety that a person experiences in a phobia, from a classical conditioning perspective
What is a conditioned response?
The statement that best describes their dogs' conditioning; Hamish and Dougal have noticed some examples of conditioning in the border collies that they use on their farm. For example, the dogs have learned to herd sheep toward the barn if they hear a short blast on a whistle. The dogs also start drooling whenever they are allowed into the kitchen of the farmhouse, where they get really tasty scraps to eat
What is the herding behaviour is a result of operant conditioning, and the drooling is a result of classical conditioning?
Term that refers to the form of classical conditioning that is used by advertising campaigns to alter the preferences or attitudes of consumer
What is evaluative conditioning?
Pattern of results would provide evidence that cats were “thinking,” according to Thorndike in his puzzle box experiments
What is initial slow escapes followed by a sharp, permanent drop in escape time once cats recognized the solution to the problem?
According to the law of effect, what happens to the association between stimulus and response is satisfying events ______ the association
What is strengthen?
The term for the rules that determine whether responses lead to the presentation of a reinforcer
What is reinforcement contingencies?
Process illustrated in the following; When Diana was three years old, she became terrified when the neighbour’s pet parrot kept flying near her head. Today she is afraid of all birds, including robins, pigeons, and blue jays.
What is a stimulus generalization?
The initial stage of learning a response
What is acquisition?
What a steep slope line in a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box indicates
What is fast responding is taking place?
According to research, ______ ______ is a process that can influence drug tolerances
What is classical conditioning?
The term for a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others
What is preparedness
What prediction you should make based on the principles of operant conditioning in the following; Raul’s parents make certain they thank Raul every time he clears the dishes from the table without being asked. Sadie’s parents try to remember to thank Sadie every time she clears the table without being asked, but about half the time they forget
What is Sadie’s table clearing will be more resistant to extinction than Raul’s?
A necessity for classical conditioning to occur according to Pavlov
What is the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli must occur together in time and space?
A reinforcer that is more salient than another reinforcer
What is a primary reinforcer?