The 4 Ds
This “D” refers to emotional suffering.
Distress
This ancient physician proposed the four humors.
Hippocrates
This theory says mental illness is caused by brain structure or genetics.
Biological/Medical Model
This design can determine cause and effect.
Experimental Design
Warning an identifiable victim is known as this duty.
Duty to Warn/Inform
This “D” means behavior interferes with daily functioning.
Dysfunction
He unchained patients and promoted moral treatment in France.
Philippe Pinel
Learning through watching others is called this.
Observational Learning
This type of research studies one person in depth.
Case Study
Hospitalizing someone without consent due to danger.
Involuntary Commitment
This “D” involves violating societal norms.
Deviance
She advocated for state mental hospitals in the U.S.
Dorothea Dix
Maladaptive thought patterns are central to this theory.
Cognitive Theory
A relationship where variables move in opposite directions.
Negative Correlation
The ethical principle of “do no harm.”
Beneficence & Nonmaleficence
This “D” involves risk to self or others
Danger
He developed early diagnostic classifications.
Emil Kraepelin
Unconscious conflict and early childhood experiences define this theory.
Psychodynamic Theory
This design identifies relationships but cannot prove causation.
Correlational Design
Clients have this right to decline therapy or medication.
Right to Refuse Treatment
Cultural and developmental norms mainly affect which “D”?
Deviance
This philosophy viewed mental illness as sin or weak character.
Moral Model
This model combines biological, psychological, and social factors.
Biopsychosocial Model
This research method focuses on themes and lived experiences.
Qualitative Research
Confidential communication between therapist and client is called this.
Privileged Communication