Freud and Personality Theory
This is the part of the mind we are fully aware of.
conscious mind
Maslow’s model that ranks human motivations.
hierarchy of needs
Adjusting your behavior to match a group.
conformity
The main manual used to diagnose mental disorders.
DSM-5
Freud’s method of saying whatever comes to mind.
free association
The part of personality that operates on the pleasure principle.
id
Rogers’ term for accepting someone without judgment.
unconditional positive regard
Getting someone to agree to a small request so they’ll later agree to a bigger one.
foot-in-the-door technique
Repetitive, intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety.
obsessions
technique that gradually exposes someone to their fear while teaching relaxation
systematic desensitization
The ego follows this principle to make realistic decisions.
reality principle
Bandura’s idea referring to belief in your ability to succeed.
self-efficacy
The presence of others improves performance on easy tasks—this effect
social facilitation
A major depressive episode must last at least this long.
two weeks
An electrical treatment used for severe depression when other methods fail.
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Freud believed these sensitive areas guide each psychosexual stage.
erogenous zones
When people believe outside forces control their life outcomes.
external locus of control
When responsibility for helping is spread across many people.
diffusion of responsibility
Seeing or hearing things that are not really there.
hallucinations
Therapy that challenges irrational, self-defeating beliefs
rational-emotive therapy
When unmet needs at a psychosexual stage cause long-term personality issues.
fixation
Learning that nothing you do can change your situation.
learned helplessness
The tendency to overestimate personal causes and underestimate situational causes for others’ behavior.
fundamental attribution error
The model stating disorders occur due to biological vulnerability and environmental stress.
vulnerability-stress model
a serious motor-movement side effect from long-term antipsychotic use
tardive dyskinesia