ch 12
1. What distinguishes hostile aggression from instrumental aggression?
A) Hostile aggression is intended to achieve a goal; instrumental aggression is emotional.
B) Hostile aggression is emotional and reactive; instrumental aggression is goal-driven.
C) Both types are always impulsive.
D) Both types are unrelated to emotions.
B) Hostile aggression is emotional and reactive; instrumental aggression is goal-driven.
9. Which best defines stress in the stimulus-based model?
A) A person's emotional response to challenges.
B) A reaction that disturbs physical balance.
C) A demanding event or situation itself.
D) A natural part of daily life.
C) A demanding event or situation itself. ✅
20. What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) used for?
A) Predicting future mental illness.
B) Diagnosing psychological disorders.
C) Treating physical illnesses.
D) Studying ancient cultural practices.
B) Diagnosing psychological disorders.
26. In psychoanalysis, transference occurs when the client:
A) Rejects the therapist's advice.
B) Transfers emotions about others onto the therapist.
C) Focuses on their dreams.
D) Refuses to speak.
B) Transfers emotions about others onto the therapist. ✅
ch 12
8. In Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, which three components make up complete love?
A) Passion, trust, commitment
B) Passion, intimacy, commitment
C) Passion, friendship, loyalty
D) Intimacy, dependency, responsibility
B) Passion, intimacy, commitment
2. What is a key characteristic of cyberbullying compared to traditional bullying?
A) It only happens in schools.
B) It requires face-to-face interaction.
C) It can happen anonymously and remotely.
D) It usually involves physical violence.
C) It can happen anonymously and remotely. ✅
10. During primary appraisal, individuals:
A) Choose coping strategies.
B) Decide if a situation is stressful.
C) Experience physical symptoms of stress.
D) Ignore minor annoyances.
B) Decide if a situation is stressful.
21. A key feature of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is:
A) Frequent panic attacks.
B) Persistent, excessive worry about various things.
C) Fear of public places.
D) Fear of specific objects.
B) Persistent, excessive worry about various things. ✅
27. Exposure therapy, a form of behavior therapy, is primarily used to treat:
A) Depression
B) Anxiety disorders
C) Schizophrenia
D) Personality disorders
B) Anxiety disorders
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13. The hormone cortisol is released after activation of which system?
A) Parasympathetic Nervous System
B) Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis
C) Somatic Nervous System
D) Endocrine Regulation Loop
B) Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis ✅
3. In the bystander effect, why are people less likely to help in a crowd?
A) They are too scared.
B) They don't know what to do.
C) They experience diffusion of responsibility.
D) They think someone else already helped.
C) They experience diffusion of responsibility.
11. What best differentiates eustress from distress?
A) Eustress is harmful, distress is helpful.
B) Eustress is positive stress that motivates; distress is negative stress that hurts.
C) Both are always negative.
D) Eustress only occurs during trauma.
B) Eustress is positive stress that motivates; distress is negative stress that hurts.
22. Which brain region is most associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Orbitofrontal cortex
D) Occipital lobe
C) Orbitofrontal cortex ✅
28. In cognitive therapy, overgeneralizing is an example of:
A) Behavioral error
B) Negative thinking pattern
C) Emotional dysregulation
D) Communication breakdown
B) Negative thinking pattern ✅
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18. According to Lazarus and Folkman, problem-focused coping aims to:
A) Avoid the source of stress.
B) Change the stressful situation itself.
C) Distract oneself emotionally.
D) Vent frustration.
B) Change the stressful situation itself. ✅
4. Which of the following best describes altruism?
A) Helping others with the expectation of a reward.
B) Helping others at a cost to oneself, with no expected reward.
C) Feeling pity for others in need.
D) A form of manipulation.
B) Helping others at a cost to oneself, with no expected reward.
12. What is the first stage of Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?
A) Resistance
B) Recovery
C) Exhaustion
D) Alarm reaction
D) Alarm reaction
23. Which symptom is considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A) Hallucinations
B) Delusions
C) Anhedonia
D) Disorganized speech
C) Anhedonia ✅
29. The ABC model in cognitive behavioral therapy stands for:
A) Action, Behavior, Control
B) Affect, Belief, Commitment
C) Activating event, Belief, Consequence
D) Attitude, Behavior, Cognition
C) Activating event, Belief, Consequence ✅
ch 15
25. Which personality disorder involves intense fear of rejection and feelings of inadequacy?
A) Narcissistic personality disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Avoidant personality disorder
D) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Avoidant personality disorder ✅
5. Which factor most strongly influences the formation of friendships according to proximity?
A) Mutual goals
B) Physical closeness
C) Shared political views
D) Personality types
B) Physical closeness ✅
13. The hormone cortisol is released after activation of which system?
A) Parasympathetic Nervous System
B) Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis
C) Somatic Nervous System
D) Endocrine Regulation Loop
B) Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis ✅
24. According to the diathesis-stress model, psychological disorders develop due to:
A) Only genetic vulnerabilities.
B) Only environmental stressors.
C) A combination of predisposition and environmental stress.
D) Poor lifestyle choices.
C) A combination of predisposition and environmental stress. ✅
30. Which medication is used to treat schizophrenia?
A) Antidepressants
B) Stimulants
C) Antipsychotics
D) Mood stabilizers
C) Antipsychotics ✅
ch 14
14. Which situation is an example of an acute stressor?
A) Ongoing job dissatisfaction
B) Experiencing a car accident
C) Caring for a sick relative over months
D) Chronic back pain
B) Experiencing a car accident ✅