Psych Pioneers
William James
This psychologist developed psychoanalysis and emphasized the role of the unconscious mind.
Which learning theory says we can learn by simply watching others, even if we don’t do the behavior ourselves?
What is social learning theory
Erik Erikson said you go through 8 crises in life, from "Who am I? (Identity vs. Role Confusion) to Did I live a good life? (Integrity vs. Despair)" Name 3.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth – 1 year)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1 – 3 years)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 – 6 years)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6 – 12 years)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 – 18 years)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood: 18 – 40 years)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood: 40 – 65 years)
8. Integrity vs. Despair (65+ years)
Freud’s theory of personality development consists of these three components.
What are the id, ego, and superego?
When we change our attitudes or behaviors to align with a group or majority, this is known as __?
What is conformity?
Sigmund Freud
This Russian physiologist is famous for his experiments on classical conditioning with dogs.
What type of stimulus in classical conditioning naturally triggers a response without learning?
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
This type of learning happens when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together, like in Pavlov’s famous dog experiment.
What is classical conditioning?
This trait theory suggests that personality is largely genetic and stable over time.
What is the biological perspective of personality?
This effect says you’re less likely to help someone in a big crowd (aka, "someone else will do it").
What is the bystander effect?
Carl Jung
This Swiss psychologist developed the concept of the collective unconscious.
In operant conditioning, what is it called when a previously learned behavior fades away because reinforcement stops?
What is extinction?
What is Lawrence Kohlberg's theory
Theory of moral development with three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
The "Big Five" personality traits spell out this acronym, which sounds like something in the ocean!
What is OCEAN (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism)?
This theory explains why we feel uncomfortable when our actions don’t match our beliefs.
What is cognitive dissonance?
Wilhelm Wundt
This psychologist established the first psychology lab in 1879, marking the birth of psychology as a science.
Ever watched and copied someone else? Albert Bandura says you're using ____.
What is social learning?
According to this Jean Piaget, kids go through 4 cognitive development stages. What are they?
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth – 2 years)
Preoperational Stage (2 – 7 years)
Concrete Operational Stage (7 – 11 years)
Formal Operational Stage (12+ years)
Which Big Five personality trait describes people who love socializing?
What is extraversion?
This theory suggests that we are more likely to help others when we feel empathy toward them.
What is the empathy-altruism hypothesis?
Ivan Pavlov
This Russian physiologist is famous for his experiments on classical conditioning with dogs.
What is Thorndike’s Law of Effect?This law states that behaviors followed by rewards are more likely to be repeated!
What is Thorndike’s Law of Effect?
In classical conditioning, the response that occurs naturally without learning is called __?
What is an unconditioned response?
This type of test, like the Rorschach Inkblot Test, is designed to reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings.
What is a projective test?
This term refers to the phenomenon where people perform better on tasks in the presence of others.
What is social facilitation?