The Lab Report
When participants in a study have an equal chance of being place in any group, this procedure helps reduce bias.
What is random assignment?
This type of behavioral therapy gradually exposes patients to anxiety triggering stimuli while they remain relaxed hlping them overcome phobias step by step
What is systematic desensitization?
When you suddenly hear your name across a crowded room despite not paying attention to other conversations, you're experiencing this phenomenon
What is the cocktail party effect?
According to Piaget, children in this stage can understand conservation of mass and number but still struggle with abstract concepts
What is the Concrete Operational Stage
This psychological tendency leads us to blame others' mistakes on their character while excusing our own as due to circumstances.
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error
A -0.89 correlation between study time and anxiety levels is an examples of this type of relationship.
What is a negative correlation?
This intense fear of open or crowed spaces can lead people to aviod leaving their homes, often developing after a panic attack in a public place.
What is Agoraphobia?
This mental shortcut leads us to judge the probability of events based on how easily examples come to mind
What is the availability heuristic?
A child developing a sense of pride in their schoolwork while their classmate feels unable to meet expectations demonstrates this stage of Erikson's theory
What is industry v. inferiority?
This psychological principle demonstrates that performance imporves with phsyiological arousal but only up to a point, after which perfomance declines, forming an inverted U-shaped curve
What is the Yerkes-dodson Law?
If you score at the 85th percentile on a test, this means you performed better than this percentage of test-takers.
What is 85 percent?
These early life stressors measured on a 10 point scale include experiences like abuse neglect and house hold dysfunction and can predict future health outcomes
What is Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?
This is the imporved performance that occurs when peole are exposed to postitve stereotypes about their own groups
What is stereotype lift
This type of reinforcement schedule provides rewards after varying amounts of time have passed, leading to steady response rates
What is Variable Interval schdule of reinforcement?
In a famous case study, American auto executives in the 1950s fell into this cohesive team trap when they rejected warning about unsafe car designs because it threatened their unanimity and shared view point
What is Group think
When researchers can say with confidence that their results are unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, they have achieved this
What is statistical significance?
Unlike PTSD this psychological phenomenon describes positive psychological changes experienced after truma such as greater appreciation for life and improved relationships
What is Posttraumatic Growth
After a severe head injury Henry cannot form new memories but can recall his past--this specific type of memory loss is called
What is anterograde amnesia?
Vygotsky's concept describing the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with guidance from a skilled partner
What is the Zone of Proximal Development
A manager who believes his employees are lazy and unmotivated while ignoring his own lack of work ethic, demonstrates this defense mechanism where we attribute our unwanted qualities to others
What is Projection
When developing a new intelligence test, ensuring that it measures both fluid and crystalled intellignece rather than just memorization shows strong evidence for this type of vaidity
What is construct validity?
This therapeutic approach challenges the belief "I must be perfect or I'm worthless" by showing how such absolute thinking patterns lead to emotional distress
what is Rational Emotive Behavior theory
This neural mechanism strenghtens synaptic connections through repeated stimulation and is considered the cellular basis for learning and memory formation
What is long term potentaition?
A bilingual person's ability to translate between languages and apply cultural knowledge represents this type of intelligence, reflects accumulated learning rather than raw problem solving ability
What is crystallized intelligence
This cultural phenomenon, which led early anthropologists to judge other societies by Western standards, literally means "centered on one's people" and can be seen in assumptions of cultural superiority
What is Ethnocentrism