Wilhelm Wundt and William James in the Development of Psychology
Who is considered the "father of psychology" and established the first psychology laboratory?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) John B. Watson
c) Wilhelm Wundt
d) William James
c) Wilhelm Wundt
Which of the following is NOT a defense mechanism described by Freud?
a) Repression
b) Reinforcement
c) Projection
d) Displacement
b) Reinforcement
Gestalt psychology primarily focuses on:
a) The role of childhood experiences
b) The structure of consciousness
c) How people perceive and interpret sensory information
d) How behaviors are learned
c) How people perceive and interpret sensory information
Carl Rogers is most closely associated with:
a) Cognitive therapy
b) Operant conditioning
c) Client-centered therapy
d) Psychoanalysis
c) Client-centered therapy
Which psychologist is most associated with cognitive development in children?
a) B.F. Skinner
b) Carl Rogers
c) Jean Piaget
d) John Watson
c) Jean Piaget
What psychological perspective did William James help develop?
a) Structuralism
b) Functionalism
c) Behaviorism
d) Psychoanalysis
b) Functionalism
Freud's theory primarily emphasized the role of:
a) Conscious thought in decision-making
b) Unconscious desires and conflicts
c) Environmental influences on behavior
d) Social learning
b) Unconscious desires and conflicts
Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) John B. Watson
c) Carl Rogers
d) Max Wertheimer
b) John B. Watson
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following is considered a basic physiological need?
a) Self-actualization
b) Love and belonging
c) Food and water
d) Esteem
c) Food and water
Who is credited with coining the term "cognitive psychology" and advancing its study?
a) Noam Chomsky
b) Wilhelm Wundt
c) Ulric Neisser
d) William James
c) Ulric Neisser
What method did Wilhelm Wundt primarily use to study the mind?
a) Classical conditioning
b) Introspection
c) Free association
d) Operant conditioning
b) Introspection
The phrase "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is associated with which psychological perspective?
a) Psychoanalysis
b) Behaviorism
c) Gestalt Psychology
d) Humanism
c) Gestalt Psychology
Which type of conditioning is associated with B.F. Skinner’s studies on reinforcement and punishment?
a) Classical conditioning
b) Operant conditioning
c) Observational learning
d) Psychoanalytic conditioning
b) Operant conditioning
Humanistic psychology emphasizes:
a) Free will and personal growth
b) The role of childhood conflicts
c) Observable behaviors
d) Biological determinants of behavior
a) Free will and personal growth
Noam Chomsky challenged behaviorism by arguing that:
a) The unconscious mind controls behavior
b) Language development cannot be explained solely through reinforcement
c) Behavior is shaped only by the environment
d) Cognitive psychology has no scientific basis
b) Language development cannot be explained solely through reinforcement
Which of the following best describes the main difference between structuralism and functionalism?
a) Structuralism focuses on how mental processes function, while functionalism focuses on breaking them down into elements.
b) Structuralism studies unconscious desires, while functionalism studies observable behaviors.
c) Structuralism focuses on introspection and breaking down experiences, while functionalism emphasizes how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment.
d) Structuralism is associated with William James, while functionalism is associated with Wilhelm Wundt.
c) Structuralism focuses on introspection and breaking down experiences, while functionalism emphasizes how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment.
Which Gestalt principle explains why we tend to perceive objects as part of a continuous pattern rather than as separate elements?
a) Closure
b) Proximity
c) Continuity
d) Similarity
c) Continuity
Ivan Pavlov is best known for his research on:
a) Observational learning
b) Classical conditioning
c) Defense mechanisms
d) Operant conditioning
b) Classical conditioning
The cognitive revolution shifted psychology’s focus back to studying:
a) Observable behaviors
b) Unconscious desires
c) Mental processes and the mind
d) Environmental stimuli
c) Mental processes and the mind
The cognitive revolution was influenced by:
a) Advances in neuroscience and artificial intelligence
b) Freud’s psychoanalytic theories
c) Maslow’s humanistic psychology
d) The rise of behaviorism
a) Advances in neuroscience and artificial intelligence