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100
Betel nut is chewed along with..........and requires ..........to activate
pepper leaf, slaked lime
100
WHO AM I? I come from the Solanaceae family, which has more than 60 species, though only two are used for their psychoactive properties.
Tobacco
100
List all the ways in which peyote is ingested.
Chewed, ground up and swallowed inside capsules, mixed with milk or other dairy products, suppository, ground and smoked with marijuana
100
What is the most important of the psychoactive substances derived from opium?
Morphine
100
True or false: Peyote is considered a schedule II drug by the USDEA. If false, correct the statement
False; peyote is a schedule I drug
200
Which species of marijuana has the highest percentage of THC?
Cannabis indica
200
Pollen from what genus was found with a Neanderthal burial site?
Ephedra
200
Information regarding early tobacco use in South American mainly derives from:
Descriptions by Europeans; missionaries
200
What did Oxenham et al. suggest about betel nut usage in Vietnam ca. 2000 BP?
They suggested that the staining of the teeth via betel nut may have been intentional.
200
What psychoactive substance is well known in Europe during the Middle Ages as an 'herbal' medicine to control post-partum bleeding.
Ergot Fungus (Claviceps purpurea)
300
Most species of Solanaceae contain what two alkaloids?
Atropine and Scopalamine
300
What are the third and fourth most commonly consumed drugs in the world today?
3.Caffeine; 4. Betel Nut
300
See P1. What does this picture resemble?
St. Anthony's Fire
300
What group introduced hemp into northwestern Europe?
The Vikings
300
WHO AM I? In order to create the desired effect of hallucinations, I must be combined with other plants which contain DMT.
Ayahuasca; Banisteriopsis caapi
400
Which species of Datura has been used traditionally by the Mapuche-Huilliche and the Jivaro tribes of South America as a last-resort punishment for unruly children?
Brugmansias sp.
400
What evidence do we see that suggests early use of San Pedro?
Dates back to over 3,000 years ago • Chavin stone carvings, ceramics, and painted textiles in N. Peru date from 1300‐600 BC.
400
Cannabis is often difficult to identify in the archaeological record because its pollen shows strong similarities to:
Hop (Humulus sp.)
400
See p3. What does this image resemble?
Coca
400
See p2. What does this picture resemble?
Opium
500
Provide three examples of how Aztecs integrated mushrooms into their cultural, social, and religious activities
in 1502, during the coronation feast for Aztec king Montezuma, teonanacatl was used as part of the celebratory event and was reported to have been a frequent part of important feasts including the Feast of Revelations. A statue of the Aztec Prince of Flowers, Xochipilli, uncovered on the slopes of Popocatepetl volcano, shows a face of ecstasy with his body adorned with representations of flowers of plants and caps of mushrooms known to produce mind-altering effects; miniature mushroom stones, Quetzalcoatl-feathered serpent; representations of mushroom deities.
500
About how old are the sites in which some of the earliest archaeological evidence of peyote have been recovered?
5,000 years ago
500
Describe archaeological evidence of opium. Please be specific and provide dates.
micro/macro botanical remains in the form of poppy capsules in southern Spain, some of these remains date back to 3000 BC and many before 2000 BC, some date as far back as 5000 BC.; opium poppy seeds recovered from an underwater site in Italy-La Marmotta ca. 5700 BC; artifacts found at Late Bronze Age sites (Crete, Cyprus, etc.); associated with Demeter and Hypnos/Thanatos
500
List three different lines of evidence in which suggest the use of Anadenanthera in different cultures. AND list two cultures who commonly ingested this substance.
depictions of Anadenanthera seen on pottery of the Moche culture; snuffing trays; plant remains, pipes; snuffing kit~Incan; Hauri, Moche, Tiwanaku
500
WHO AM I?? I have white flowers, have been used as a painkiller in Aztec rituals, and I have been used by shamans.
Datura