Psychology is defined "science of behavior and mental processes." Wilhelm Wundt would have omitted which of the following words from this definition?
--science
--behavior and
--and mental process
--Wundt would have agreed with the definition stated
He would have omitted "behavior and" because he defined psychology as "study of the mind."
100
________________as a school of psychology that seeks to analyze the adult mind (the total sum of experience from birth to the present) in terms of the simplest definable components and then to find how these components fit together to form more complex experiences.
Structuralism
100
____________ is the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. This is a type of phenomenon we need to AVOID when doing research in psychology.
Hindsight Bias
100
____________ is the most frequently occurring score in distribution while _______________ is the arithmetic average of a distribution.
Mode, mean.
100
____________ is branching extensions of the soma that receive messages and passes them onto the soma, while ____________ is the cell "body" and its function is add up all the messages being received from other neurons.
Dendrites, soma
200
Jaylin believes that psychologists should go back to using introspection as a research tool. This technique is based on:
--survey methodology
--experimentation
--self-examination of mental processes
--the study of observable behavior
Answer: Self examination of mental processes
200
_______________ is the school of thought that human or animal psychology can be accurately studied only through the examination and analysis of objectively observable and quantifiable events. This school of thought is in contrast with subjective mental states.
Behaviorism
200
List and define the 3 parts to the scientific attitude that makes research possible.
-------Curiosity-ask questions!
--------Skepticism- do not believe everything you’re told or what is told to you as the "truth" or "fact"
----------Humility- it is okay to be wrong or get results that turned out different than you had expected. Know that we have the potential to be wrong.
200
____________ is the middle score of all the scores in a distribution while ____________ is the difference between the highest and the lowest scores in a distribution.
Median, Range
200
The ___________ travels down the axon. The signal is able travel very fast because the axon is wrapped in ______________. When the axon reaches the axon terminal, ___________________ are released into the synaptic cleft between the pre-synaptic and post synaptic neuron.
Name the two famous names associated with the Behaviorism.
John B. Watson & B.F. Skinner
300
_____________ is school of thought that emphasizes the adaptiveness of the mental or behavioral processes.
Functionalism
300
What is the descriptive method? How does the descriptive method work? What are 3 types of descriptive methods?
Descriptive method is a type of method by which one can research in psychology. You observe and record behavior. 3 types of descriptive methods are: case studies, naturalistic observations, and surveys.
300
Ex: 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 22. Quickly tell me the mode, median, mean.
a. Mode= 3
b. Mean= 40/10= 4
c. Median=3
300
When we sense something, our ______________ neuron relays the information to the brain's interneurons. When the brain processes this information, it sends down signals to the muscle via the ____________ neuron, which is nicknamed the "command neuron."
The part of the nervous system that involves our brain and spinal cord is the _________ nervous system, while the remainder falls under ____________ nervous system.
sensory neuron, motor neuron, central, peripheral.
400
Who is the founder of structuralism? Who is the founder of functionalism?
Titchener, William James
400
"How do we use information remembering? Reasoning? Solving problems?" are example questions asked from the ____________________ perspective.
Cognitive perspective
400
What is a variable? What is an independent variable? Dependent variable?
• What is a variable? A factor. Ex: gender and performance are two variables. Job level and salaries are two variables. Baby's age, baby's gender, Baby's IQ score are also variables. The factor can be affected (dependent variable) or be the factor that affects other variables (independent variable).
• Usually, an experiment contains 1 variable that is manipulated and its effect is seen in the results.
o Independent variable- variable that is manipulated and will cause an effect on the other variables.
o Dependent variable(s)- variables that are affected by the change/manipulation of the independent variable
400
(1). Which is a stronger correlation? +0.3 or -.9. Explain why. (2). Which one is a more positive correlation? Explain. (3). Which one is a more negative correlation? Explain.
-.9 because closer to 1.0. positive correlation= +0.3 and negative correlation= -.9.
400
Phineas Gage had a metal rod tear through which lobe? And what changed about him after this horrific accident?
Frontal, his behavior and personality.
500
Dharma's paper on the history of American psychology notes:
(A). Psychology began as the science of mental life
(B). From 1920 into the 1960's, psychology was defined as the scientific study of observable behavior
(C). Contemporary psychologists study both overt behavior and covert thoughts
(D). All of these statements are true.
All of these statements are true!
500
"How can someone's personality traits and disorders be explained by unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas?" are example questions from __________________ perspectives.
Psychodynamic Perspective
500
What is the definition of experimental group? Control group? What is the purpose of having a experimental group and a control group in our experiments?
• Experiments usually involve two groups:
o Experimental group= group that has at least one variable changed (which would be the independent variable).
o Control group= no variable is changed.
o This is in order to compare and contrast!
500
Sometimes, we might make _______________________, correlations that actually do not exist. This can happen if there is a _______________________ (when you have non-random data that does not represent the population, event, or situation correctly).
illusory correlations, regression towards the mean
500
The ____________ system of the brain is linked to emotions. The ____________ brain structure controls our heartbeat and breathing. The ________ lobe receives auditory information.