Psychological Disoders
What are the four D’s used to determine psychological disorders?
Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Danger
Vygotsky emphasizes ___ while Piaget emphasizes ___
The Physical World; Social world
Name and Define the Characteristics of Human Language Development
Morphemes: the smallest meaningful units of a language
Grammar: rules of language
Syntax: specifics on how words can be arranged to produce phrases and sentences
Define Social Referencing
Looking at their caregivers’ emotional expressions for clues about the possible danger of their own actions
What are the four Parenting Styles
Authoritarian parents
Authoritative parents
Permissive parents
Uninvolved parents
This disorder is characterized by prolonged, severe anxiety that is not consistently associated in the person’s mind with any particular object or event in the environment or any specific life experience
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Name Piaget's Four Stages
What is...
1. Sensorimotor Stage
2. Preoperational Stage
3. Concrete-Operational Stage
4. Formal-Operational Stage
Selective-Looking Experiments discovered that infants look longer at events that are _____
Physically Impossible
Define schemes
Mental blueprints for actions
Play may enable children to acquire more advanced
understandings of __ and ___ roles and greater
___
Enable; rules and social roles; Self-Control
Whenever Jimmy returns home he frequently walks back to the front door and unlocks and locks the door. He does this because he worries about leaving it unlocked and an intruder breaking into his home. Jimmy’s worrying can be classified as a(n)____ and repeatedly unlocking and relocking the door is a(n) ____
Obsession; Compulsion
At ___ months children tend to develop ___ and start to acknowledge that when not in sight things can still exist.
5 Months; Object Permanence
Grammatical rules are usually learned…
Implicitly
Define prosocial behavior
Voluntary behavior intended to benefit others
Ainsworth hypothesized that infants would become ____ to Mother's who provide ____
Securely attached to mothers who provide; Sensitive care
What are [at least] 3 common symptoms people with Post Traumatic stress Disorder (PTSD) may experience?
Characterized by the re-experiencing— in nightmares, daytime thoughts, and flashbacks—of an emotionally traumatic event; Other symptoms include sleeplessness, irritability, guilt, and depression
Define and provide an example of Accommodation and Assimilation
Assimilation: the process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas
Accommodation: changing or expanding schemas somewhat to accommodate the new object or event.
The first ___ amount of years are critical for language development
10 years
Define histrionic personality disorder
Disorder where people continually seek to be center of attention; behaving as if they are always “on stage.”
Harlow’s experiment, infants are often attached to which surrogate mother and why?
Cloth surrogate mother; comfort and contact are just as important as basic needs
What are the three clusters of personality disorders? Name at least one disorder per cluster
Cluster A (“odd” personality disorders)
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Cluster B (“dramatic” personality disorders)
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Cluster C (“anxious” personality disorders)
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive
Name and Explain the two developmental changes involved in the Information Processing Perspective
What is...
Development of long-term memory systems. Episodic Memory comes last.
Executive Functions: working memory, inhibition, and switching.
Children acquire language at roughly ___ despite the wide cross-cultural variations of ___
Same; LASS (Language-Acquisition Support System)
Define developmental psychology
The changes that occur in people's abilities and dispositions as they grow older.
What is “young-male syndrome"?
Risky and delinquent behavior is especially common in young males. It may serve to enhance status, ultimately as part of competition to attract females