Cognitive Biases
Our tendency to either selectively seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs or to interpret new information in a way that validates our existing beliefs.
Research that focuses intensively on one individual
What is a Case Study?
A list that classifies all diseases, not only mental disorders.
What is ICD?
A treatment that involved severing connections in a persons brain with something that looked like an ice pick.
What is a lobotomy?
Our tendency to believe, after an event occurs, that the event was predictable, even when there was no (or little) objective basis to predict it.
What is Hindsight Bias?
Research in which data is collected by observation and without manipulating the environment.
What is Naturalistic Observation?
A list that classifies only mental disorders.
What is the DSM?
An old name for a mental hospital.
What is an asylum?
Our tendency to have confidence in our abilities or judgments that exceeds our actual abilities and/or the actual accuracy of our judgments.
What is Overconfidence Bias?
A research method that can show causation, not just correlation.
What is an Experiment?
A controversial diagnosis that was removed from the list.
What is homosexuality?
The way asylums changed in the 1950s.
What is trying to cure people?
Also known as the "I-Knew-It-All-Along" Bias
What is Hindsight Bias?
A mutual relationship between two variables.
What is a Correlation?
This is what disorders were called in the first mental disorder list from the APA.
What were reactions?
What is a treatment that uses electricity to help depressed people?
What is Electro-convulsive therapy?
Our tendency to believe that that something with a fixed probability will have a potentially different outcome based on the fact that the event previously occurred or did not occur a number of times.
What is Gambler's Fallacy?
When a sample is collected in a way such that certain portions of the intended population are over- or under-represented in the sample.
What is Sampling Bias?
The name of the first list of disorders created by the US Army.
What is Medical 203?
The name of the closure of the asylums.
What is deinstitutionalization?