Psychological Approaches
Humanstic Approach
Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning & influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective
Albert Bandura
the brain's special capacity for change
Plasticity
an experiment in which a bell rang shortly before presenting food to the dogs. At first, the dogs showed no response to the bells. However, eventually, the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell alone. What Experiment is this?
Ivan Pavlov's Conditioning experiment with dogs
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
an approach to phychology centered on ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors
Evolutionary Approach
Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson
the principle that once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any intensity
All-or-nothing principle
Usually worked with animals like rats or pigeons. He looked at how reinforcements and schedules of reinforcement would influence behavior. What was the name of this Experiment
Skinner Box Experiments
a carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables that are believed to influence some other variable
Experiment
An approach to psychology that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior
Sociocultural Approach
Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas in assessment
Lawrence Kohlberg
an almond-shaped structure within the base of the temporal lobe that is involved in the discrimination of objects that are necessary for the organism's survival, such as apprppriate food, mates and social rivals
Amygdala
In this Experiment, Participants were led to believe that they were assisting an unrelated experiment, in which they had to administer electric shocks to a "learner". These fake electric shocks gradually increased to levels that would have been fatal had they been real. What type of Experiment is this?
Social experiment
the brain and the spinal cord make up which system?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
A therapist asked his client to project her feelings of anger for her father on to him. What type of approach is this?
Psychodynamic Approach
What key psychologist found misinformation in memory from eye witness testimonies?
Elizabeth Loftus
the stemlike brain area that includes much of the hindbrain (it does not include the cerebellum) and the midbrain; it connects with the spinal cord at its lower end and then extends upward to encase the reticular formation in the midbrain
Brain Stem
proposes that whatever the pitch of a sound wave, nerve impulses of a corresponding frequency will be sent to the auditory nerve.
Frequency Theory
a person who is given a role to play in a study so that the social context can be manipulated
Confederate
Therpist that relates their patients bipolar disorder to genetic disposition. She states, "researchers have linked two key genes, CACNA1 and ANK3, to bipolar disorder." But she notes that many other genes are likely to factor in too. What approach is this?
Biological Approach
Name the key pschologist related to this situation. You are walking in your neigborhood whenn all of a sudden a dog from a neigbors yard begins to bark and growl at you. Your heart rate increates and your palms begin to sweat. You then label that dog isn't scary. You then feel relieved.
Stanley Schachter
sometimes called association areas, the region of the cerebral cortex that is the site of the highest intellectual functions, such as thinking and problem solving
association cortex
a concept in educational psychology. It represents the space between what a learner is capable of doing unsupported and what the learner cannot do even with support. It is the range where the learner is able to perform, but only with support from a teacher or a peer with more knowledge or expertise.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
any aspect of a study that communicate to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave
Demand Characteristics