The Brain
There are an estimated 86 billion of these types of cells in the human brain.
What are neurons?
He is the founder of psychoanalysis, popularizing the image of a patient lying on a couch while talking to their therapist.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
Symptoms of this mood disorder include cycles of alternating manic and depressive episodes.
What is bipolar disorder?
This sleep stage is when most dreaming occurs.
What is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?
The field of Psychology, like other sciences, relies upon this well-known method to design and run studies that build our understanding of the human mind and behavior.
What is the scientific method?
This part of the neuron sends signals to other neurons.
What is the axon?
This Russian psychologist was actually studying digestion in dogs when he discovered classical conditioning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
This anxiety disorder is characterized by extremely persistent thoughts and the behaviors meant to alleviate the stress brought on by those thoughts.
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Caffeine is an example of this kind of psychoactive drug that increases our physiological and mental activity.
What is a stimulant?
This kind of variable is measured in a study.
What is a dependent variable?
Dopamine and serotonin are examples of these types of chemical messengers that get transmitted between neurons in the brain.
What are neurotransmitters?
This famous psychologist demonstrated that we learn via operant conditioning, where consequences are the driving force behind learned behaviors. Interestingly, though, his most famous experiment involved conditioning pigeons (not humans) to become superstitious.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
Symptoms of this disorder include hallucinations and delusions, and its treatment usually involves antipsychotic medications.
What is schizophrenia?
It has been long-debated whether this trance-like state represents a different level of consciousness.
What is hypnosis?
This kind of study, often conducted in a lab setting, is the strongest method of establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.
What is an experiment?
In evolutionary terms, the "newer" part of the brain.
What is the cerebral cortex?
He developed his Social Learning Theory, which stated that some learning occurs simply by observation (rather than conditioning), as a result of his famous "Bobo doll" experiments.
Who is Albert Bandura?
The most commonly diagnosed childhood behavior disorder in the United States.
What is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Freud thought they represented unconscious wishes.
What are dreams?
This kind of variable is manipulated in an experiment.
What is an independent variable?
The space between the neuron that sends the signal and the neuron that receives the signal.
What is the synapse?
Working with her husband, this famous female psychologist studied the detrimental effects of racial segregation on African-American preschoolers. Specifically, her groundbreaking "Doll Tests" were highly influential in the US Supreme Court's landmark Brown v. Board of Education case (1954) that paved the way for integration in American schools.
Who is Mamie Phipps Clark?
An effective type of psychotherapy that aims to question thought distortions and their resulting behaviors in order to improve emotional regulation and teach coping strategies.
What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
The importance of this kind of processing, which lacks awareness, has been debated for at least the past 2500 years.
What is unconscious processing?
This probability-based branch of mathematics is essential for making sense of the data produced in research studies.
What is statistics?