Brain and nervous system
This part of the brain controls vital life functions like breathing and heart rate.
What is the medulla?
Explanation:
The medulla is part of the brainstem and regulates autonomic functions like heartbeat and breathing.
This is the process by which information is transformed into a form that can be stored in memory.
What is encoding?
Explanation: Encoding is the initial step in the memory process, where sensory input is converted into a form the brain can process and store
A high school student starts vaping after seeing popular classmates do it, even though she was initially against it. This is an example of what type of psychological phenomenon?
What is social influence?
Explanation: Social influence is the process by which individuals change their behavior due to the real or imagined presence of others.
Learning by watching and imitating others.
What is observational learning?
Explanation:
A mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness.
What is depression?
Explanation: Depression includes symptoms like low mood, fatigue, and lack of interest.
The part of the brain responsible for forming new memories.
What is the hippocampus?
Explanation: The hippocampus is key in converting short-term memory into long-term memory
Breaking up a long string of numbers into groups to remember them more easily is an example of this memory strategy
What is chunking?
Explanation: Chunking involves grouping individual pieces of information into larger, more meaningful units, which makes them easier to remember.
Scenario: During a group project, everyone agrees with an incorrect answer, so you go along with it, even though you know it's wrong. What is this behavior an example of?
What is conformity?
Explanation: Conformity involves changing one's behavior or thinking to match that of a group, often to avoid conflict or fit in.
When a conditioned response disappears over time.
What is extinction?
Explanation: If the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the learned response fades
A disorder involving cycles of extreme highs and lows.
What is bipolar disorder?
Explanation: Bipolar disorder includes episodes of mania and depression.
This system controls voluntary muscle movements.
What is the somatic nervous system?
Explanation: The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscles and voluntary actions.
During her exam, Karen remembers the definition of "classical conditioning" after seeing a multiple-choice option that triggers her memory from a previous lecture.
What is retrieval?
Explanation:
Retrieval is the act of recalling or using previously encoded and stored information. It can be influenced by context, cues.
Mark laughs at a joke he doesn't find funny because everyone else is laughing. What kind of influence is Mark experiencing?
What is normative social influence?
Explanation: Normative influence occurs when individuals conform to be liked or accepted by the group
A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
What is reinforcement?
Explanation: Reinforcement strengthens behavior, positive or negative.
A disorder characterized by hallucinations and delusions.
What is schizophrenia?
Explanation: Schizophrenia affects thinking, perception, and behavior.
This lobe processes auditory information.
What is the temporal lobe?
Explanation: The temporal lobe handles hearing and language comprehension.
Tom just learned how to use a new software program, and now he struggles to remember how to use the older version he was once fluent in. He’s experiencing?
What is interference?
Explanation: interference happens when recently learned information hinders the recall of older information.
You're unsure which fork to use at a formal dinner, so you watch others and copy them. What form of influence is guiding your behavior?
What is informational social influence?
Explanation: This happens when people conform because they believe others know more
Pavlov is best known for discovering this type of learning.
What is classical conditioning?
Explanation: Classical conditioning involves learning through association between stimuli.
This disorder may be diagnosed in a person who experiences intrusive thoughts about contamination and spends hours each day washing their hands, even though they know the behavior is excessive.
What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Explanation:
OCD involves obsessions (like fear of germs) and impulses (such as repetitive hand-washing) aimed at reducing distress
Ella begins to experience a lack of coordination and trouble with balance after a head injury during gymnastics practice. Which part of her brain is likely affected?
What is the cerebellum?
Explanation: The cerebellum, located at the base of the brain, is responsible for coordinating voluntary movement, balance, and posture.
During a soccer game, Mia is accidentally hit in the back of the head anc suddenly experiences vision problems. Which brain lobe is likely affected?
What is the occipital lobe?
Explanation: The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, is responsible for visual processing. Trauma here can lead to issues like blurred vision or visual field loss.
In Stanley Milgram's famous experiment, what surprising behavior did the majority of participants display?
What is obeying authority figures by giving what they thought were dangerous electric shocks?
Explanation: Milgram's study revealed that ordinary people are likely to follow orders from an authority figure, even to the extent of harming another person.
After getting a speeding ticket, a teenager begins to drive more carefully to avoid future punishment. What type of operant conditioning is being used?
What is Positive Punishment
Explanation:
Positive punishment involves adding an unpleasant consequence (in this case, a speeding ticket) to decrease the likelihood of a behavior (speeding).
This type of anxiety disorder is characterized by intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as flying or spiders.
What is a phobia?
Explanation:
A phobia involves a persistent fear, triggered by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation.