Motivation
Define Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.
Identify three of Plutchik’s 8 basic emotions.
Joy, Trust, Fear, Surprise, Sadness, Anticipation, Anger, or Disgust.
Which brain structure acts as the "hunger center," and specifically which part signals you to stop eating?
The Hypothalamus; the Ventromedial Hypothalamus signals fullness
Who created the "Hierarchy of Needs" pyramid?
Abraham Maslow
If you give a kid money for reading a book they already liked, they might stop liking it. What is this called?
Overjustification Effect
This theory suggests that physiological needs create an aroused state that pushes us to reduce that need.
Drive-Reduction Theory
"I see a snake, my heart rate increases, and then I feel afraid." Which theory of emotion does this sequence represent?
James-Lange Theory
Which part of the brain is the "alarm system" for fear and anger?
Amygdala
Who traveled the world to prove that facial expressions are universal?
Paul Ekman
You see a spider. Your heart races and you think "That's a dangerous spider!" then you feel fear. Which theory is this?
Schachter-Singer
You are taking a very difficult exam. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, what level of arousal will likely lead to your best performance?
Low-to-moderate arousal.
This theory argues that the physiological response and the subjective feeling of emotion happen simultaneously.
Cannon-Bard Theory
What do we call the body's natural "weight thermostat" that tries to keep your weight stable?
Set point
Research shows that which gender is usually better at "reading" people's facial expressions?
Women
Why is a polygraph (lie detector) wrong
It only measures physical arousal, and fear/nervousness look the same as lying.
A person skips a party to study because they are terrified of losing their scholarship and being unable to pay for housing. Which level of Maslow’s Hierarchy are they currently prioritizing?
Safety Needs
You just finished a workout and are physically energized. If someone bumps into you and you get angrier than usual because you "label" your workout energy as "rage," which theory are you demonstrating?
Schachter-Singer Theory
Which nervous system starts your "fight or flight" response (fast heart rate, sweating)?
sympathetic Nervous System.
What are "Display Rules"?
Cultural rules about when it is okay to show your emotions in public.
Is hunger a "push" (Drive) or a "pull" (Incentive)?
push (drive)
Explain the difference between Incentive Theory and Arousal Theory.
Incentive focuses on external rewards; Arousal focuses on maintaining an optimal level of internal stimulation
Define Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal theory.
The theory that our emotional experience depends entirely on how we interpret a situation before the physical response starts.
Which nervous system "calms" you down after a scare?
Parasympathetic Nervous System.
What is the hormone that makes you feel hungry?
Ghrelin
If a person is starving, are they likely to care about their "self-esteem" according to Maslow?
No (must meet physical needs first)