Psychology & Science
This is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
A researcher watches children on a playground without interfering with their behavior. This is an example of this research method.
Naturalistic Observation
This describes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.
Correlation
In an experiment, this variable is deliberately changed by the researcher.
Independent Variable
A psychologist who helps people cope with anxiety, depression, and other emotional problems is most likely working in this area.
Clinical psychology
This occurs when people accept a claim because it seems reasonable or because someone they trust said it, rather than examining evidence.
Blind acceptance
This perspective focuses on how our genes, brain, nervous system, and other biological processes influence behavior.
This research method involves studying one individual or a small group in great depth.
Case Study
A correlation coefficient can range from this value to this value.
-1.00 to +1.00
This is the outcome that researchers measure in an experiment.
Dependent Variable
This type of psychologist studies how people think, remember, learn, and solve problems.
Cognitive psychologist
This is the tendency to believe that our own opinions and judgments are more accurate than they actually are.
Overconfidence
This perspective emphasizes how behavior and mental processes are influenced by learning and environmental experiences.
Behavioral Perspective
Researchers collect information by asking people questions about their attitudes, behaviors, or experiences.
Survey
A correlation of +0.85 indicates this type of relationship.
Strong, positive correlation
Participants in this group do not receive the experimental treatment and provide a comparison for the experimental group.
Control Group
A psychologist studies how people's behavior changes when they are part of a group. Which area of psychology is this?
After learning that a student failed a test, someone says, "I knew they were going to fail." This illustrates this bias.
Hindsight bias
Psychologists use this approach to explain behavior by examining how thoughts, memories, expectations, and interpretations influence behavior.
Cognitive Perspective
In this method, researchers study whether two or more variables are related without manipulating them.
Correlational Research
If ice cream sales increase when drowning deaths increase, it would be incorrect to conclude that ice cream causes drowning. This illustrates this important principle.
Correlation does not prove causation
This process gives every participant an equal chance of being placed in any group.
Random assignment
A psychologist works with a company to improve employee motivation, productivity, and workplace satisfaction. What area of psychology is involved?
Industrial-organizational psychology
This occurs when we notice evidence that supports what we already believe while overlooking evidence that contradicts it.
Confirmation bias
Unlike a personal opinion or intuition, this type of knowledge is based on systematic observation and evidence.
Scientific Knowledge
A researcher wants to know whether students who sleep more tend to earn higher grades. The researcher measures both variables but doesn't manipulate either one. What type of research is this?
Correlational Research
Researchers find that students who spend more time studying tend to earn higher exam scores. What direction would the correlation have?
Positive correlation
A researcher randomly assigns students to two groups. One group drinks an energy drink and the other receives a placebo. Test scores are then compared. Identify the independent and dependent variables.
Independent: Energy drink vs. placebo
Dependent: Test scores
A school psychologist evaluates students, helps identify learning difficulties, and works with teachers and families. What is the psychologist's primary setting?
School/educational setting
A friend says, "I studied while listening to classical music and got an A, so classical music definitely improves grades." What critical-thinking problem does this statement demonstrate?
Assuming correlation proves causation