Sleep Stages
Which stage of sleep is considered the lightest, when a person drifts in and out of sleep?
What is Stage 1 (NREM 1)?
Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting quality rest defines which disorder?
What is insomnia?
Drugs that slow down the central nervous system and decrease brain activity are called what?
What are depressants?
The body’s internal biological clock that regulates sleep and wake cycles is called what?
What is the circadian rhythm?
According to Freud, the hidden symbolic meaning of a dream is its what?
What is its latent content?
Which sleep stage is characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes?
What is Stage 2 (NREM 2)?
Which disorder causes brief attacks of sleep during wakefulness, sometimes triggered by strong emotions?
What is narcolepsy?
Caffeine, nicotine, and amphetamines all belong to which class of drugs?
What are stimulants?
Which small structure in the hypothalamus helps regulate circadian rhythms?
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
The actual storyline or images of a dream are referred to as its what?
What is the manifest content?
In which sleep stage do delta waves dominate the EEG pattern?
What is Stage 3 (NREM 3 or slow-wave sleep)?
What is the name of the disorder where a person temporarily stops breathing while asleep?
What is sleep apnea?
Which class of drugs alters sensory and perceptual experiences, such as LSD or psilocybin?
What are hallucinogens?
This hormone, produced by the pineal gland, helps regulate sleep.
What is melatonin?
Which theory suggests dreams result from the brain trying to make sense of random neural activity?
What is the activation-synthesis theory?
During which stage of sleep do vivid dreams and muscle paralysis occur?
What is REM sleep?
This disorder causes individuals to walk or perform activities while still asleep.
What is sleepwalking (somnambulism)?
Repeated drug use that requires larger doses to achieve the same effect is known as what?
What is tolerance?
The theory that sleep allows the body and brain to repair itself is known as what?
What is the restoration theory of sleep
The theory that dreams help the brain sort and store daily experiences is called what?
What is the information-processing theory?
How long does one full cycle of all sleep stages typically last?
What is about 90 minutes?
Which disorder involves sudden, intense fear and screaming during NREM sleep, often without memory of the event?
What is a night terror?
When stopping a drug causes unpleasant physical and psychological effects, this is called what?
What is withdrawal?
Which theory of sleep suggests that sleep evolved as a way to keep humans safe from predators during the night?
What is the evolutionary theory of sleep?
What is the scientific study of dreams known as?
What is oneirology?
This part of the brain regulates circadian rhythms by responding to light cues and controlling melatonin production.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?