What is a type of learning that involves stimulus- response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus
100
Conditioned Stimulus
What is a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response
100
Discrimination
What is (1) in classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar (2) unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice
100
What is learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement
What is Operant Conditioning
100
Negative Reinforcement
What is unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed
200
Classical Conditioning
What is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response
200
Taste Aversion
What is a type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
200
Flooding
What is a fear-reduction technique based on the principles of classical conditioning that involves exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished
200
Reinforcement
What is a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
200
Schedule of Reinforcement
What is a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs
300
Unconditioned Stimulus
What is in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response
300
Extinction
What is in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus
300
A type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
What is systematic Desensitization
300
Primary Reinforcers
What is stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning
300
Continuous Reinforcement
What is the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs
400
Unconditioned Response
What is in classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response
400
Spontaneous Recovery
What is the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed
400
A therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response
What is counterconditioning
400
Secondary Reinforcers
What is stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their association with a primary reinforcer
400
Partial Reinforcement
What is a type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced
500
Conditioned Response
What is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
500
Generalization
What is the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
500
Shaping
What is in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
500
Positive Reinforcement
What is encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented
500
Chaining
What is in operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action