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Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Learning
EXAMPLES!
Vocabulary
100
This man is responsible for conditioning dogs through his experiment with food and a bell.
Ivan Pavlov
100
Who is the psychologist most closely associated with operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
100
One disadvantage to using punishment is that it is likely to suppress, but not completely eliminate, the behavior. a. True b. False
a. True
100
A mother yells “NO!” whenever her baby crawls towards the stairs. Soon the child is afraid of the stairs. What is the child’s fear of the stairs an example of? a. a conditioned stimulus b. an unconditioned stimulus c. a conditioned response d. an unconditioned response
c. a conditioned response
100
Mike says he cannot find a good part-time job because he is unlucky. What is he exhibiting? a. disinhibition b. learned helplessness c. programmed learning d. aversion control
b. learned helplessness
200
In classical conditioning, what does the unconditioned stimulus elicit? a. a conditioned response b. a learned response c. an automatic response d. a conditioned stimulus
c. an automatic response
200
In operant conditioning, reinforcement a. must always be positive. b. must always be negative. c. comes before the desired behavior. d. comes after the desired behavior.
d. comes after the desired behavior
200
A prison works to modify inmates’ behavior by giving out “chips” for good behavior. These chips can be redeemed for snacks and special privileges. What is this? a. mimicry b. disinhibition c. a token economy d. cognitive mapping
c. a token economy
200
If Jamie does not pick up his toys when asked, he is sent to his room for 15 minutes. This is called a. modeling. b. classical conditioning. c. punishment. d. chaining.
c. punishment
200
A child saying “Daddy” only to her father is an example of a. extinction. b. discrimination. c. generalization. d. spontaneous recovery.
b. discrimination
300
At the end of classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus creates a _________
Conditioned response
300
Offering a reward is an example of __________________ reinforcement, and taking something away is an example of __________________ reinforcement
Positive and negative
300
_______ is concerned with how individuals obtain, process, and organize information. a. Modeling b. Mimicry c. A token economy d. Cognitive learning
d. Cognitive learning
300
In __________________ conditioning stimuli work independent of a participant’s behavior, while in __________________ conditioning the participant must engage in behavior for a stimulus to work.
Classical and operant
300
After extinction occurs, _______ may occur, but it will not return the conditioned response back to its original strength. a. extinction b. spontaneous recovery c. discrimination d. generalization
b. spontaneous recovery
400
This type of reinforcer in used for biological needs such as food, water, sleep, etc.
Primary reinforcer
400
In the experiment with Little Albert, this psychologist and his graduate student conditioned the baby to fear white fury objects.
John Watson and Rosalie Raynor
400
Behavior modification might be based on a system of __________________ and __________________ to positively and negatively reinforce behavior.
Rewards and punishments
400
Joe, the family dog, runs to the front door if the front doorbell rings and to the back door if the back doorbell makes its buzzing sound. Joe has learned a. spontaneous recovery. b. extinction. c. generalization. d. discrimination.
d. discrimination
400
To play basketball, several response chains are organized into a. variable intervals. b. response shapes. c. cognitive maps. d. response patterns.
d. response patterns.
500
Pavlov's dog Rex drooled heavily at the sight of a blue dog food bowl. Pavlov used extinction to stop the salivating. Two weeks later, however, Rex began to salivate again at the sight of the blue bowl. This is an example of: Blue bowl fetish. stimulus generalization. spontaneous recovery. stimulus discrimination.
spontaneous recovery
500
__________________________ takes place when something undesirable is decreased, or stopped, after an action
Negative reinforcement
500
CAI instructs students by breaking down complex material into simpler units called __________________.
Frames
500
When Micah’s mom wants to reward him for specific behaviors, she gives him a “reward coupon” that he can trade in for a treat, such as a movie. The reward coupon is an example of a. a primary reinforcer. b. a secondary reinforcer. c. shaping. d. a response chain.
b. a secondary reinforcer
500
Petra has learned that if she jumps up and down in her crib, her father will come and pick her up. This is an example of a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. avoidance conditioning. d. chaining.
b. operant conditioning