Psychology Exam 2

Learning

100

^{A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience.}

^Learning

200

^{Making a connection between two events.}

^{Associative Learning}

300

^{Learning that occurs through observing and imitating another's behavior.}

^{Observational Learning}

400

^{A neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.}

^{Classical Conditioning}

500

^{Associating behaviors with their consequences.}

Operant Conditioning

Memory

100

^{The retention information or experience over time.}

^Memory

200

^{This type of memory holds information in its original sensory form for a fraction of a second.}

^{Sensory Memory}

300

^{This memory is an active desktop where we can manipulate information.}

^{Working Memory}

400

^{This type of memory is a conscious recollection of facts and events.}

^{Explicit Memory (Declarative)}

500

^{This effect theorizes that we remember the first items and the last items in a list better than the middle.}

^{Serial Position Effect}

Thinking, Intelligence, & Language

100

^{The mental process of manipulating information, forming concepts, solving problems, and making decisions.}

^Thinking

200

^{A "typical" or best example of a concept.}

^Prototype

300

^{These are shortcut strategies or "rules of thumb" (efficient but could be wrong)}

^Heuristics

400

^{Clinging to an initial suspicion even after that person has been proven helpful.}

^{Belief Perseverance}

500

^{The tendency to only notice evidence that supports your current theory while ignoring other behaviors.}

^{Confirmation Bias}

Human Development

100

^{The pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout life.}

^Development

200

^{A person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times.}

^Resilience

300

^{Mental frameworks that organize information.}

^Schemas

400

^{This psychologist proposes that children move through four distinct, age-related stages.}

^{Jean Piaget}

500

^{A person's development is affected by everything in their surrounding environment, visualized as a series of concentric circles.}

^{Brofenbrenner's Ecological Systems}

Motivation & Emotion

100

^{The belief that behavior is driven by innate, biological patterns (unlearned).}

^Ethology

200

^{The body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium or steady state.}

^Homeostasis

300

^{Behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension.}

^{Drive-Reduction Theory}

400

^{This is considered the "off" switch for hunger.} 

^{Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)}

500

^{This is a pyramid of human needs that must be satisfied in sequence.}

^{Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs}