Definitions
What is Neuroscience
scientific study of the nervous system, especially the brain
What does the central nervous system do?
The CNS is central to all behavior and mental processes; consists of brain and spinal cord
What is neurogenesis?
the development of new neurons that are
incorporated into existing neural networks; learning and memory
Why do college students use adderall?
College students often use Adderall to stay awake and increase their focus
What is the forebrain?
Uppermost and largest brain region
What is Action potential?
produced by movement of electrically charged particles (ions) across the axon membrane
-Some are negatively charged and some are positively charged
What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
The PNS comprises all nerves outside the
CNS that extend to the outmost body
borders, including the skin
What is Lateralization of function?
specific psychological or cognitive functions are processed primarily on one side of brain
what does botox do?
- It inhibits the release of acetylcholine
- It paralyzes motor nerves and leads to flaccid paralysis
What does the reticular formation?
Helps regulate attention and alertness
What is resting potential?
state in which a neuron is prepared to activate and communicate its message if it receives sufficient stimulation
what is the Somatic nervous system?
communicates sensory information to CNS and motor messages from CNS to muscles
What happens if the Broca or wernicke's area is damaged?
Damage to either of these areas will produce different types of speech disturbances, or aphasia
What is agonist?
substance that binds to a receptor and activates it, mimicking the natural ligand (e.g., hormone or neurotransmitter) that normally activates the receptor
What is functional plasticity?
brain’s ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas
What is the stimulus threshold?
minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron
What's does the Autonomic nervous system do?
Name 3 components of a neuron
- dendrites
- Cell body
- axon
- nucleus
- myelin sheath
what is a antagonist?
An antagonist is a substance that binds to a receptor but does not activate it. It blocks the binding of the natural ligand or agonist to the receptor, preventing its activation and biological effect
What is structural plasticity?
brain’s ability to change its physical structure in response to learning, active practice, or environmental influences
what is aphasia?
partial or complete inability to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language because of brain injury or damage
What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system do?
Sympathetic - Arouses body to expend energy
Parasympathetic - Calms body to conserve and maintain energy
What are the basic types of neurons?
(There are 4)
- sensory neuron
- motor neuron
- interneuron
-neuron
What does nicotine do?
Nicotine mimics acetylcholine
- it is the agonist
What are the different lobes of the cerebral cortex?
(4 of them)
- occipital lobe
- parietal lobe
- temporal lobe
- frontal lobe