Psychological Perspectives
Which perspective emphasizes unconscious drives and early childhood experiences?
Psychoanalytic Psychology (Sigmund Freud)
A researcher is studying the link between music tempo and people’s moods. Which of the following is the dependent variable?
People's Mood
Which two structures make up the Central Nervous System?
Brain & the spinal cord
What is the term for an infant's automatic response to grasp objects placed in their palm?
Grasping reflex
A learning process in which associations are made between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
Classical Conditioning
Which early perspective studies how people adapt to their environments?
Functionalism
Research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering
Naturalistic Observation
The division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) that controls involuntary functions, such as heartbeat and pupil size, is the:
Automatic nervous system
In which type of family structure do parents attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct?
Authoritarian family
A learning process in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in occurrence
Operant Conditioning
Which early perspective focuses on breaking down mental processes to their most basic elements?
Structuralism
The ethical principle of “informed consent” means what?
Participants must enter research voluntarily with full understanding of what it means for them
How is perception different from sensation?
It involves the brain organizing and interpreting sensory information
The process by which individuals learn the values and behaviors of their culture is called:
Socialization
Very brief memory storage immediately following stimulation.
Sensory Memory
Which early perspective argued that perception is more than the sum of its parts (It involves a “whole pattern")?
Gestalt Psychology
Research method in which the relationship between an independent and dependent variable is tested
Experiment
How do psychoactive drugs primarily affect the body?
They affect the nervous system and consciousness
Kohlberg's theory primarily focuses on the development of:
Moral reasoning
Emma is better able to remember the first few items and last few items on her grocery list but forgets the items in the middle. Which memory phenomenon explains this?
Serial Position Effect
Who is considered the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
A psychologist studies the same group of people at regular intervals over a period of years to determine whether their behavior and/or feelings have changed and if so, how
Longitudinal Study
The nature side of the "nature vs. nurture" debate emphasizes the role of:
Genetics and biological predispositions.
In Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's stages of dying, the patient saying, "No, it can't be happening to me," is characteristic of which stage of adjustment?
Denial
John volunteers at an animal shelter because he finds helping animals personally fulfilling. Which motivation best describes John’s behavior?
Intrinsic motivation