Characteristics of Disorders
This characteristic of a disorder refers to behavior that interferes with normal daily functioning.
What is dysfunction?
This manual is used by psychologists in the United States to diagnose and classify mental disorders.
What is the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)?
This perspective explains disorders as learned maladaptive behaviors or associations.
What is the behavioral perspective?
This model explains disorders as the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
Medications used to treat psychological disorders are called these.
What are psychotropic medications?
This characteristic refers to emotional suffering or psychological pain.
What is distress?
This classification system is developed by the World Health Organization and used internationally.
What is the ICD (International Classification of Diseases)?
This perspective focuses on unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.
What is the psychodynamic perspective?
This model suggests a psychological disorder develops when a vulnerability combines with stress.
What is the diathesis–stress model?
This refers to the trusting relationship between therapist and client that improves treatment success.
What is the therapeutic alliance?
This characteristic occurs when behavior violates accepted societal expectations.
What is deviation from social norms?
This negative consequence of diagnosis involves labeling that can lead to stereotypes and social rejection.
What is stigma?
This perspective suggests disorders may develop from distorted thinking patterns.
What is the cognitive perspective?
In the diathesis-stress model, this term refers to a biological or psychological predisposition to a disorder.
What is a diathesis?
Research that combines results from many studies to determine overall effectiveness is called this.
What are meta-analytic studies?
These three criteria are commonly used together to determine if behavior qualifies as a psychological disorder.
What are dysfunction, distress, and deviation from social norms?
Bias in diagnosis that unfairly targets people based on race is called this.
What is racism?
This perspective explains disorders through brain chemistry, genetics, and physiology.
What is the biological perspective?
In the same model, this environmental factor can trigger the disorder in someone who has a vulnerability.
What is stress?
This term describes treatments supported by scientific research.
What are evidence-based interventions?
A person who hears voices but is not distressed and functions normally challenges the idea that this criterion alone defines disorder.
What is deviation from social norms?
Using multiple perspectives or treatments rather than relying on a single theory is called this approach.
What is the eclectic approach?
This perspective focuses on how culture, social roles, and environmental stressors influence disorders.
What is the sociocultural perspective?
This model is widely accepted today because it explains disorders through multiple interacting factors rather than a single cause.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
This movement reduced large mental hospitals and shifted treatment to community-based care.
What is deinstitutionalization?