Show:
What dogs?
More learning
Learning Terms
What comes after?
Did you read this?
100
_____ refers to a change in an organism’s behavior or thinking that is a direct result of experience.
What is learning?
100
Young Albert is initially not afraid of white rats, but if white rats and loud noises are presented in sequence, Albert may learn to fear rats. In this example, white rats would be the
What is the CS?
100
The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called _____.
What is spontaneous recovery?
100
According to _____ theory, learning is controlled by the consequences of an organism’s behavior.
What is operant conditioning?
100
The situation of a student’s final grade improving one letter grade for every three books read represents which schedule of reinforcement?
What is fixed ratio?
200
_____ was the first person to describe learning as acquired through classical conditioning while studying the digestive process of dogs.
What is Ivan Pavlov?
200
Shelly has developed a fear of bridges due to the recent, graphic news coverage of people falling from a collapsed bridge. Which of the following is the CS?
What is bridges?
200
Ken’s mouth waters every time he hears the ice cream truck’s familiar song in the distance. One day, a slightly different song is heard in the distance and Ken’s mouth waters. Ken’s behavior illustrates
What is stimulus generalization?
200
Operant conditioning is also known as
What is instrumental conditioning?
200
Mary’s parents want her to put her books in her bookcase. At first, they praise her for putting the books together in one pile. Then they praise her for getting the books on the same side of the room as the bookcase. When she gets the books on top of the bookcase, she gets praise. Finally, her parents praise her when she puts her books in the bookcase. This is an example of _____.
What is shaping?
300
According to the theory of classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that elicits
What is an automatic response?
300
Extinction occurs when the _____ no longer produces the _____.
What is CS;CR?
300
When you learned that red lights mean “stop,” and green lights mean “go,” you were being trained to use a classical conditioning concept called stimulus _____.
What is discrimination?
300
Which two theorists laid the groundwork for the theory of operant conditioning?
Who are Thorndike and Skinner?
300
John sees others being praised for using good penmanship and now he attempts to use good penmanship. This behavior is reflective of _____ learning.
What is observational?
400
Because dogs do not need to be conditioned to salivate to food, salivation to food is a(n)
What is unconditioned response?
400
When a conditioned response is established to a conditioned stimulus by virtue of its association with another conditioned stimulus, the process is called _____.
What is higher-order conditioning?
400
Nicky tends to bite his nails when he becomes nervous because it calms him down. Nicky’s behavior is an example of
What is negative reinforcement?
400
Which type of neuron becomes active when we engage in observational learning?
What is mirror neuron?
500
In Pavlov’s “salivating dogs” studies, the salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was the
What is conditioned response?
500
Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something. One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI Joe action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining. What will happen?
What is extinction?
500
John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a gong with a steel hammer. After several pairings, the child came to fear the white rat. The white rat served as the _____ in his study.
What is conditioned stimulus?
500
A reinforcer is a consequence that _____ a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that _____ a behavior.
What is strengthens; weakens?
500
Albert Bandura and his colleagues were able to get the same findings in their observational learning research when children watched aggressive models on film as they did when children watched aggressive models in person. This lent additional support for Bandura’s claims that observational learning represents a significant process by which certain behaviors are acquired. This demonstrates the critical thinking concept of _____.
What is replicability?