The Phenomenon of Memory
Errors in memory or judgment that are caused by the inappropriate use of cognitive processes.
What are cognitive biases?
Incorporating miseading information into one's memory of an event.
What is misinformation effect?
Retention independent of conscious recollection.
What is implicit memory?
The tendency to verify and confirm our existing memories rather than to challenge and disconfirm them.
What is confirmation bias?
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined.
What is source monitoring?
Psychologist who helped discover the principles of decay, spacing, and overlearning.
Who is Ebbinghaus?
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare".
What is explicit memory?
The principle that much of what we learn is lost very quickly, but this loss levels out over time.
What is the principle of decay?
This part of the brain is especially important in procedural memory (not the hippocampus).
What the cerebellum?
The processes that we use to make sense of, modify, interpret, and store information in STM.
What is working memory
The two level of processing.
What is shallow and deep processing?
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.
What is state- dependent learning?
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
What is proactive interference?
The part of the brain that helps encode episodic memory.
What is the amygdala?
The tendency to make judgments of the frequency or likelihood that an event occurs on the basis of the ease with which it can be retrieved from memory.
What is the availability heuristic?
Tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly over time than if we practice it in one long session
What is spacing effect
An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
What is long- term potentiation (LTP)
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
What is retroactive interference?
Damage to the hippocampus can cause this life changing condition which inhibits the creation of new explicit memories.
What is anterograde amnesia?