Category 1: Introduction to Psychology
100: What is Psychology?
100: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
100: What is a hypothesis?
100: A testable prediction about the outcome of a study.
100: Function of neurons?
100: Cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.
100: Define sensation.
100: The process of detecting stimuli from the environment.
100: What is classical conditioning?
100: A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus.
200: Who is considered the father of Psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of Psychology.
200: Define independent variable.
200: The variable that is changed or manipulated in an experiment.
200: Parts of the nervous system?
200: The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system.
200: What is absolute threshold?
200: The smallest level of stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
200: Define operant conditioning.
200: Learning in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences.
300: What are the major perspectives in Psychology?
300: Major perspectives include biological, behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, humanistic, and sociocultural.
300: What is a control group?
300: A group that does not receive the experimental treatment and serves as a comparison.
300: Function of the cerebral cortex?
300: The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher-order functions such as thinking, planning, and language.
300: Difference between sensation and perception?
300: Sensation is detecting stimuli; perception is interpreting those stimuli.
300: What is reinforcement?
300: A process where a behavior is increased by presenting a pleasant stimulus.
400: What is structuralism?
400: Structuralism is an early school of psychology focused on breaking down mental processes into basic components.
400: Explain correlation.
400: A statistical measure that indicates the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.
400: Role of neurotransmitters?
400: Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.
400: What is sensory adaptation?
400: The diminished sensitivity to a stimulus after constant exposure.
400: What is punishment?
400: A process where behavior decreases because it is followed by an unpleasant consequence.
500: What is functionalism?
500: Functionalism is a school of psychology that focuses on the purpose of consciousness and behavior.
500: What are ethics in research?
500: Guidelines that ensure the well-being and rights of participants in research studies.
500: How does the endocrine system affect behavior?
500: The endocrine system releases hormones that influence behavior and mood.
500: Explain perceptual constancy.
500: The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in sensory input.
500: Describe latent learning.
500: Learning that occurs but is not immediately demonstrated in behavior.