Schools of Psychology
Ivan Pavlov, while studying dog digestion, pioneered the study of ______________, or conditioning.
Learning
The predicted outcome of an experiment can also be know as this
Hypotheses
A research method in which an investigator manipulates factors to produce a particular effect is called
an experiment
In an experiment, researchers are interested in studying the potential effects of this variable.
Independent
What are the four goals of psychology regarding behavior?
Describe, Explain, Predict, Alter/Control,
This psychologist founded the school of functionalism
William James
The entire group from which test subjects may be drawn
Population
This method is used to describe the behavior of animals in their natural habitat
Naturalistic Observation
The first step of the scientific method
create a hypothesis
Yale University
Since John Watson was trying to train a new behavior to baby Albert, what school of psychology is represented in that study?
Behaviorism
Researchers observe random samples because they are likely to be this.
representative
Website polls and phone surveys where respondents telephone into organizations in order to participate often yield unrepresentative results due to the lack of this
Random Sampling
In an experiment to test the effects of caffeine on memory, the experimenter gives caffeinated coffee to one group of test subjects and gives decaffeinated coffee to the other group. She the studies the memory skills of each group. In the study the independent variable would be
The caffeinated coffee
What was the main objective of Stanley Milgram's controversial obedient study?
To evaluate to which extent people would follow orders, regardless of the morality of the order.
B.F. Skinner believed in the power and ability to train, or condition, people to perform desired behaviors; or this school of psychology
Behaviorism
A research method in which a representative, random sample of individuals are questioned regarding their attitudes or behaviors
A survey
This form of observation is most useful when describing behaviors
In an experiment, a group receiving a placebo would be categorized into this group
Control Group
What was the main flaw of the Lost Child Study? (Darley and Latane)
Both urban and rural locations were not equally represented
These two humanistic psychologists emphasized the growth potential of healthy people?
The controversy over the contributions of genes and environmental experience on psychological traits
Nature vs. Nurture
In observing and question two stroke victims, which research method is Dr. Andrews using?
Case Study
procedure when neither the test subjects nor the experimenters know which group receives the independent variable or a placebo
Double-Blind
In the Lost Child Study, residents of what city contacted the police most often?
Chicago