Chapter 8
physiological, safety – absence of fear, belonging – affiliation with others, esteem – respect of self and others, self-actualization
What is Maslow's Theory Of Need?
future incentive is represented today at a lower value
What is delay discounting?
manner in which a goal is perceived
Rules of thumb, may lead to good choices, but not necessarily
What is heuristics?
Psychological drive emerges from physiological need
What is Hull's Drive Theory?
motive to actively interact and controls one’s environment. Serves to develop competence
What is effectance motivation?
mental image of the relationship among features in the environment and the goal
What is cognitive map?
Final choices of alternative means-routes will always tend to occur in the direction of a minimum expenditure of physical energy
What is Tolman - Principle of Least Effort?
combine to determine tendency to attempt a task
What is motive to achieve success and motive to avoid failure?
As objective incentive value increases, utility increases but in smaller & smaller amounts
What is Fechner’s Law?
subjective value of a stimulus produces psychological demand
What is valence?
Effort depletes motivation. Give up when effort exceeds resources. Thus, less effort to achieve a goal means more goals can be accomplished; but more difficult goals may be abandoned
What is motivation resources and principle of least effort?
external stimulation cause for all behavior; unaware of original stimulus that triggered behavior
What is Reflexology?
adding extrinsic motivation to an intrinsically motivated behavior decreases intrinsic interest because the perceived reason for performing the behavior has changed. However, it does increase performance.
What is cognitive evaluation theory
daydreams or fantasies about achieving a goal, they intrude into conscious thought
What is respondent thoughts?
hypothetical amount of available activity for obtaining reinforcers; related to persistence
What is reflex reserve?
Activates a need
What is redintegration?
a high probability response can reinforce a low probability response, but a low probability response cannot reinforce a high probability response
What is probability-differential hypothesis?
highly stereotyped sequence of behavioral acts. Step by step plan to achieve a goal. They provide detailed knowledge on how to accomplish goals.
What are scripts?
Fixed ratio requirement is increased, demand decreases
What is operant behavior?