Brain Regions
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital
What is the name of the gap between neurons?
Synapse or Synaptic gap
Independent Variable
Name two processes that are involved in experience-dependent (adaptive) plasticity?
Rerouting and sprouting
What are the 2 main divisions of the nervous system
Central Nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)
What are the structures of the hindbrain? (double points if you can also name the functions)
Cerebellum- Coordinates fine muscles movement and regulates posture and balance.
Medulla - Controls vital body functions
Pons- Involved in sleep dreaming and arousal from sleep
What is the role of the myelin sheath?
The myelin sheath protects the axon and insulates/ increases speed of neurotransmission
Explain the differnce between population and sample
Population = The wider group of people that the researcher is interested in. E.G. Year 11 Psychology students
Sample= Participants selected from the population who participated in the experiment E.G. Hallam Secondary Year 11 Psychology students.
Neuroplasticity occurs in response to 2 things. What are they?
1. in response to ageing and the learnings associated with maturation. This is known as developmental plasticity.
2. in response to a need to adapt, such as in response to brain trauma and injury. This is referred to as adaptive plasticity
What is the role of the Somatic Nervous System
Controls voluntary muscles and transmits information to the central nervous system
Where is the corpus callosum located and what is it's role?
Location- Forebrain in-between the left and right hemisphere
Role= allows information to be exchanged between the two cerebral hemispheres.
Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving information?
Dendrites
What is the IV and DV in this scenario:
The amount of sleep participants get (e.g., 4 hours vs. 8 hours).
Memory performance (e.g., number of words recalled from a list).
IV = Amount of sleep
DV = Memory performance
What the consquences of damage to the Parietal lobe?
Difficulty guessing distance Difficulty creating a conclusion about a story
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system
Controls involuntary bodily functions
Which region of the forebrain is most associated with higher-order functions, such as reasoning, problem-solving and planning?
Cerebral cortex
What is neuroplasticity?
Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to adapt and change as a result of experience.
What is an Extraneous Variable?
Any variable that is not the independent variable but may cause an unwanted effect on the dependent variable
What are the 3 ways to maintain brain functioning?
Diet
Exercise
Mental Stimulation
What are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system (double points if you can say their functions)
Sympathetic:Arouses body to expand energy
Parasympathetic: Calms body to conserver and maintain energy
What is the location of the broca's and wernicke's area and what are their roles?
Brocas= Frontal lobe, Responsible for clear and fluent speech production
Wernicke's= Temporal Lobe, Responsible for understanding speech and language comprehension.
What is long term potentiation (LTP)?
Name at least one structural change that would happen as a result
LTP is the increased strength of connections involves structural changes to the synapses
changes include
Increased number of receptor sites
Bushier dendrites
Increased number of synaptic connections
Increased number of neurotransmitters
Name and describe two types of sampling
Random sampling: Is a sampling procedure that ensures every member of the population of research interest has an equal chance of being selected to be part of the sample.
Stratified sampling: Involves dividing the population to be sampled into different subgroups, then selecting a separate sample from each subgroup in the same proportions as they occur in the target population.
What are three impacts of an aquired brain injury on social funtioning?
Job productivity,Social support, Antisocial behaviour, Isolation, Aggressive verbal or physical behaviour, Loss of confidence/ low self-esteem
What is the role of the spinal cord within the nervous system
Carries sensory information TO the brain from the body AND takes motor information FROM the brain to the body.