Ethics
What are ethics?
A system of moral values or the way people distinguish right from wrong.
True or false - a correlation between two variables means that one variable causes another.
False - correlation is NOT causation. For example, just because Polio spiked in the summertime it did not mean that ice cream caused Polio.
In this research method, people are asked to respond to a series of questions about a particular subject.
Advantage: can gather info quickly
Disadvantage: possible lying, representation
What is a survey.
Experiment in which the subjects are unaware of the treatment, OR the experimenter is unaware of the treatment
What is a single-blind experiment
Nurse Ratchet wants to test the impact of a new drug designed to increase academic performance. She gives a group of seniors the new drug and a group of sophomores a placebo. She then compares the final grades for the two groups.
What is the Independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
IV: New Drug
DV: Final Grades
True of false: Sometimes psychologists have to deceive participants in a study
True - but there are strict rules! May use deception if they believe that the benefits of the research outweigh the potential harm.
Correlational research looks at the ___________ between two variables.
What is relationship
In depth investigation of an individual or small group. What is learned is used to generalize broader principles that apply to a larger population.
Advantage: provides tremendous amount of detail.
Beware of generalizations: this study cannot be replicated. Does it represent the general population?
What is case study
Sometimes participants/subjects have to be lied to. This is known as...
What is deception.
Nurse Ratchet wants to test the impact of a new drug designed to increase academic performance. She gives a group of seniors the new drug and a group of sophomores a placebo. She then compares the final grades for the two groups.
What is the control group?
What is the experimental group?
Control Group: Receives the placebo
Experimental Group: Receives the new drug
If people agree to participate in a study it is known as...
What is informed consent
The ________ is what is manipulated or changed by the researcher within the experiment.
What is independent variable
Observe people or animals in their natural habitats (people: homes, work, schools etc.)
What is Naturalistic Observational Method
Variables that the researcher failed to control or eliminate. They damage the validity of the experiment. Usually related to “Human Error." They are fixable.
What are confounding variables.
Principal Skinner is interested in the effect of room temperature on students’ ability to stay awake in class. He makes the psychology classroom very warm and makes the math classroom very cool. He then observes the number of times students nod off.
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Dependent variable: Ability to stay awake
Records of patients and clients are private. This is known as
What is confidentiality
a beneficial effect produced by a ______ drug or treatment, which cannot be attributed to the properties of the drug itself, and must therefore be due to the patient's belief in that treatment.
What is placebo effect
Observe behavior of subjects that are in a controlled environment. (doesn’t have to be the white sterile room)
What is laboratory observation method
A tendency of researchers to search for information that confirms a preconception.
What is confirmation bias.
Principal Skinner is interested in the effect of room temperature on students’ ability to stay awake in class. He makes the psychology classroom very warm and makes the math classroom very cool. He then observes the number of times students nod off.
What would be an confounding variable?
What would be an extraneous variable?
Confounding variable: The class that is taught
Extraneous variable: How much sleep students got the night before, the quality of home life of the students, anxiety of the students
Being told after an experiment what happened during the experiment is known as...
What is a debriefing.
The ___________ is what is measured by the researcher in the experiment
Genie Wild Child is an example of which type of study?
What is a case study
Something that would be difficult to change. Could be something too expensive to do so. Puts a “strain” on the experiment that can’t be fixed
What are extraneous variables.
Dr. Frankenstein wants to see if having a mirror present causes children to be more honest. For every house in his neighborhood, he leaves a bowl of candy on Halloween with a note saying, “One piece per trick-or-treater please.” For houses with porches, he also places a mirror behind the bowl, while houses without porches do not have mirrors. Using a hidden camera, he observes how many pieces kids actually take.
What is the dependent variable
What is the independent variable
IV: Mirrors
DV: How much candy kids take