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What is Psychometrics?
Tools that are used to help measure or assess something related to psychology (ex. brain waves, tests, etc.)
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes in animals and humans
The name of the group an experiment is being conducted for/to learn more about.
Target Population
True or false: correlation does equal causation
False
The man credited with inventing Psychoanalysis who based most of his findings off of Case Studies
Sigmund Freud
What world event inspired the most psychological experiments up until the COVID-19 Pandemic?
WWII
What is a Placebo and the Placebo Effect?
A Placebo is fake treatment of some kind and the Placebo Effect is when those being treated with a Placebo actually get better just because they think the treatment is real
Define the three variables in a psychological experiment.
Dependent- the results and end data
Independent- the factor that causes the dependent variable and is controlled by the psychologist
Confounding- unanticipated influences/factors that might effect the results
A bell curve graph of the experiment's results is an example of...
Normal distribution
This psychologist was interested in brain biology and cut people's brains into two parts to study the effects it would have.
Roger Sperry
What is the difference between School and Educational Psychologists?
School psychologists work with students directly to help with learning struggles, Educational Psychologists help in creating curriculums and the school system with higher ups
What is the Biopsychosocial Perspective?
A combination of Biological, Psychodynamic and Sociocultural Theories, the Biopsychosocial Perspective believes that biology, the unconscious mind and desires and our surroundings and upbringing all combine to influence our actions and thoughts
What are the two settings for psychological experiments, and what are the risks of each?
Natural setting, Lab setting
Lab setting is more controlled by experimenter but results may not be as accurate/real
Natural setting has less control and may become disorganized but will have more realistic results
The three measures of central tendency are:
Mean- average
Median- middle number (when put in order)
Mode- most repeated number
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs says what, and is related to what Psychological perspective?
Says that certain human needs and requirements must be satisfied before humans can focus/work on another area (starting with security and safety), and is related to the Humanistic Approach
To Define, Explain, Predict, and Control/Change behaviours and/or mental processes
Define Double-Blind and Single-Blind Study
Single-Blind study- the participants do not know whether they are in a control group or experimental group
Double-Blind study- the participants and experimenters do not know which participants are in which group
What is a random stratified sample?
A random selection of a large variety of people that makes sure to include participants from all the different groups of the target population
What are the two things Statistics is used for in Psychology?
●Organize & describe in a meaningful way
●Used to make predictions about a population of interest
Jean Piaget suggested four stages of learning in childhood, Noam Chomsky refined this idea to focus solely on how children learn language, Aaron Beck invented CBT (Cognitive Behaviour Therapy)
Explain three of the different areas of psychology.
Counsellors, School Psychologist, Educational Psychologist, Sport Psychologist, Clinical Psychologist, Environmental Psychologist, Personality Psychologist, Experimental Psychologist, Social Psychologist, Consumer Psychologist, Industrial and Organizational Psychologist, Forensic Psychologist, Health Psychologist, Positive Psychologist
What is the Clever Hans Effect?
When someone who is being tested or observed senses cues from the one in charge and responds according to those cues rather than what they really think or feel
What are the five stages of the Scientific Method?
Form Question, Develop Hypothesis, Test Hypothesis, Analyze Results, Draw a Conclusion
If I presented a set of data with an r= 0.96 and a SD= 0.5, what would that tell you about the results?
This data has an extremely high correlation rate, has positive correlation, and most numbers are very close to the mean of the overall data.
List all of the psychologists associated with Behaviourism
John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Albert Bandura, Edward Thorndike, BF Skinner