Variables
What is an independent variable in an experiment?
The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
What is random sampling in research
Random sampling involves selecting participants for a study in a way that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being chosen.
A professional athlete wants to improve their performance and mental resilience during competitions.
Sports Psychologist or Performance Psychologist
In the Stanford Prison Experiment conducted by psychologist Philip Zimbardo, what role were participants randomly assigned to play?
Participants were randomly assigned to play either prisoners or guards in a simulated prison environment
What is a dependent variable in an experiment?
The dependent variable is the factor that is measured or observed in an experiment to see how it is affected by changes in the independent variable
Explain how stratified sampling works
Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups (or strata) based on certain characteristics and then randomly selecting participants from each subgroup in proportion to their presence in the population.
A child is struggling with anxiety about going to school and is experiencing panic attacks.
Child Psychologist or Clinical Psychologist specializing in child and adolescent mental health.
What was the purpose of the Little Albert Experiment?
The purpose was to demonstrate that emotional reactions, specifically fear, could be learned through classical conditioning.
What are extraneous variables?
Extraneous variables are other factors that can affect the results of an experiment if not controlled, potentially influencing the outcome.
What are the advantages of stratified sampling
Advantages of stratified sampling include ensuring representation of all subgroups within the population, which can lead to more precise estimates for each subgroup
A couple is experiencing communication problems and conflicts in their relationship.
Couples Therapist or Marriage and Family Therapist
What was the main aim of Stanley Milgram's famous obedience experiment conducted at Yale University?
The main aim was to investigate the extent to which people would obey authority figures and administer electric shocks to others, even when it conflicted with their personal conscience.
What is a control variable in an experiment?
A control variable is a factor that is kept constant or unchanged throughout the experiment to ensure that any observed effects are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not other factors.
What are the disadvantages of Stratafied sampling
Disadvantages include the complexity of identifying appropriate strata and the potential for increased costs and time compared to simple random sampling
An individual is experiencing persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities, and difficulty concentrating, and suspects they may have depression.
Clinical Psychologist or Counseling Psychologist s
What did the BOBO doll experiment demonstrate about social learning and aggression?
It demonstrated that children learn aggressive behaviors through observation and imitation of adult role models.
Can you give an example of a categorical variable?
an example of a categorical variable in psychology could be gender (male or female), where individuals are categorized into distinct groups based on a characteristic.
Describe convenience sampling and identify a situation where it might be appropriate to use this method.
Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are readily available and accessible to the researcher. It might be appropriate to use convenience sampling when conducting a pilot study or when the population of interest is difficult to access or has logistical constraints, such as studying patients in a hospital waiting room.
A company is facing high turnover rates among employees and wants to improve workplace morale, job satisfaction, and organizational culture
Organizational Psychologist
What was the primary focus of the Monster Study, and what were its controversial findings about stuttering?
The controversial findings suggested that labeling children as stutterers could cause them to develop speech problems, demonstrating the potential harm of negative psychological interventions.