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Humanistic and Existential Therapy / Family and Couples Therapy
Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy
When Therapy Harms/Helps
Drugs - Effects and cautions
Misconceptions About Media
100
8) What is the family - systems perspective?
It is an approach to doing therapy with individuals or families by identifying how each family member forms part of a larger interacting system.
100
Explain what is behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy and the methods used in these therapies
Behavioral therapy is a form of therapy that applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviors. Methods used in this therapy are exposure, systematic desensitization, behavioral self-monitoring and skills training.
100
What are the possible causes of harm in psychotherapy?
-the use empirically unsupported, potentially dangerous techniques -inappropriate or coercive influence, which can create new problems for the client -prejudice or cultural ignorance on the part if the therapist -sexual intimacies or other unethical behavior on the part of the therapist
100
Define antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs ?
- Antipsychotic drugs are drugs used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. - Antidepressant drugs - are drugs used primarily in the treatment of mood disorders especially depression and anxiety.
100
A mental illness is from a personal weakness.
Reality: Mental illnesses can be biological and not be the person’s fault because for example, schizophrenia is caused by genetics and prenatal problems when the mother has a flu virus for the first four months.
200
What are the primary goals for humanistic and existential therapies and how are they different?
- The primary goal for humanistic therapy is insight, self acceptance and self fulfillment, new optimistic perceptions of self and world whereas, the primary goal for existential therapy is finding the meaning in life and accepting inevitable losses. - They are different as in humanistic therapy it is more general and helps the client accept themselves and the world around them as well as look at things in a more positive attitude whereas, in existential therapy is more focused on exploring themselves and the world around them to find the meaning in life.
200
Which between the two therapies is more effective? Why?
Cognitive therapy is more effective. It more effective because exposing the patient only virtually to their fear or phobias could be more helpful to put that phobias aside. whereas exposing not virtually the patient to that phobias it could cause to the patient even more fear.
200
What are some important consideration to take into account when choosing the psychotherapist? briefly explain them
Choosing a therapist. Make sure that you a reputable psychotherapist that can help you solve the problems. A good place to start with could be also the school counseling. Choosing a therapy. not all therapies are equally effective for all problems. If you have a specific.
200
Name and explain the four classes of drug treatments?
- Antipsychotic drugs - used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Increasingly though they are also being prescribed for non-psychotic disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. - Antidepressant drugs - used primarily in the treatment of depression and other mood disorders. There are three classes of antidepressants and all are non addictive and about equally effective but they all tend to produce some unpleasant physical reactions. - Tranquilizers - often but inappropriately prescribed for patients who complain of unhappiness, anxiety or worry. They may help people with panic disorder and individuals who have an acute anxiety attack but they are considered the treatment of choice over a long period of time. - Lithium Carbonate - often used for people with bipolar disorder. It must be given in exactly the right dose and must be monitored carefully because too little will not help and too much can be fatal.
200
People with mental illnesses are dangerous
Reality: People with mental disorders are usually not threatening and only cause violence when alcohol or drugs or a threat is involved and medication helps control the disorders.
300
Why is Existential therapy more common nowadays?
One of the major reasons Existential therapy is more common now days is because facilitates intensive psychotherapy sessions as well as facilitates continuous sessions to make sure the patient is improving.
300
How can exposure help to overcome client’s fear and how does it work?
Exposure is a method in which a person suffering from a phobia or panic attacks is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory until the anxiety subsides. This helps to overcome the fear of the patient because with the counterconditioning method, used in classical conditioning, a person will deal with their fear and learn to subside if it is paired with a nice object they like
300
How can the therapeutic alliance be helpful in therapies?
Therapeutic alliance is a bond of confidence and mutual understanding between therapist and client, which allows them to work together to solve the client’s problems
300
Compare and contrast the effects and limitations of therapy versus medication?
Drugs have side effects that may remain for long periods of time. However, both are consistent in terms of making sure the client is consistent with sessions or their medications, drugs more than therapy. If the drugs is effective it may cure the disorder whereas therapy may not cure it fully. Moreover, therapy is more time consuming whereas, drugs may be given is doses which can be monitored in the comfort of ones own home.
300
A person with a mental illness will never recover.
Reality: Therapies such as cognitive and behavior therapies help people overcome their problems such as anxiety disorders by teaching them to be calm. Cognitive therapies help clients with depression and help clients have a positive view of life and find solutions to their problems.
400
What are the criticisms of humanistic therapy?
-  It ignores unconscious actions. - Only a small percentage of individuals become self-actualised. This does not prove that everyone can be. It could be that self-actualised individuals tend to be more intelligent, talented, well-educated and motivated than the rest of us. - Self-actualisation probably depends on the environmental as well as need factors, rather than entirely on need factors. - Some argue that focusing on one self can lead to a lack of social functioning
400
How are behavioral and cognitive therapy similar and different?
Behavioral and cognitive therapy are similar because they both help to put aside the fears or phobias of the patients The difference between these two therapies is that the behavioral focuses on behavior and the modification of self-defeating behaviors. whereas cognitive focuses on the modification of irrational and negative thougths.
400
What are the factors that contribute to a successful therapy?
-the quality of the client (motivated to change) -qualities of therapist (warmth, empathy) -therapeutic alliance -effective method for given problems
400
What are the cautions of the drug treatments?
- The placebo effect - may not be too effective and have other ethical and moral implications that need to be considered. They may also deceive the patient as there is no real treatment that the doctors are providing. There is still a debate of these moral and ethical implications. - High relapse and dropout rates - People may have short term success of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs. They also may have unpleasant side effects. - Dosage problems - The perfect therapeutic window needs to be found as too much can be harmful and too little may not be effective. Some also may be able to tolerate less amount of drugs relative to body fat and eating certain foods. - Unknown long term risks - The long term effects of any drug is uncertain. They may have to do with individuals pertaining to ones body or they may have low success rates in general. Either way the long term risks for many and all drugs are uncertain in terms of success rates with all patients.
400
Electroconvulsive therapy “shock therapy” is torture and not helpful.
Reality: Therapies such as cognitive and behavior therapies help people overcome their problems such as anxiety disorders by teaching them to be calm. Cognitive therapies help clients with depression and help clients have a positive view of life and find solutions to their problems.
500
What methods do Family couple therapies to help solve the issue they observe?
- The therapist and client may create a family tree showing psychologically significant events across as many generations as possible. - Some therapists will treat individuals in a family-systems perspective which recognizes that people’s behavior in a family is as interconnected as that of two dancers. - Additionally, if one family member changes the others must change as well. - If couples fight frequently then they must go to couples therapy which is designed to help couples manage the inevitable conflicts that occur in relationships. - Methods used for the other types of therapies may also be relevant to this type of therapy.
500
How are rational emotive behavior therapy and gradual exposure different?
Gradual exposure is a step-by-step process where a patient is gradually taken to face with their fears or phobias, and slowly start to put aside their fear or phobias. Rational emotive behavior therapy is a step-by-step process where the therapist uses rational arguments to directly challenge a client’s unrealistic beliefs or expectations. in this method they also make the patient deal virtually their phobias and fears
500
Compare and contrast rehabilitation psychologists and community psychologists
-rehabilitation psychologists are concerned with the assessment and treatment  of people who are physically disable, temporarily or permanently, because of chronic pain, physical injuries, epilepsy, addiction or other conditions. -community psychologists set up a program at a community level, often coordinating outpatient services at local clinics with support from family and friends.
500
What are the moral and ethical implications behind the placebo effect?
- The ethical problem with placebo treatment is not that the patient is receiving an ineffective medicine—the placebo, as we have claimed, may be quite effective, just as the standard medication may prove, in any particular case, to be useless or even harmful; furthermore, the placebo will usually have the advantage of producing less undesirable side effects. Therefore, the judicious use of the placebo in a therapeutic context need not entail automatically a violation of the doctor’s obligation to heal. - The ethical problem most frequently raised regarding the administration of the placebo is that the doctor is deceiving the patient. The patient wants effective treatment; instead he receives a placebo. On these grounds, some have maintained that placebo treatment will always be unethical, a violation of the patient’s right to be honestly and fully informed about treatment.
500
Addiction is because of a person’s lack of will.
Reality: Addiction can change a person’s brain so it produces nerve damage, shrinks the cerebral cortex and also decrease the number of receptors for dopamine so then it increases the dependence on the drug which the addict cannot control.