Research Basics
True/False: Correlation proves causation.
False
The factor manipulated in an experiment is ____
What is the Independent Variable (IV)?
If a study can be repeated with the same results, it has ____
What is reliability?
The main strength of experimental design over other methods.
What is establishing cause-and-effect relationships?
Participants must agree to join a study through ____
What is informed consent?
Psychology uses the scientific method to test what kind of statements?
What is Hypotheses/Hypothesis?
The outcome measured in an experiment is _____
What is the Dependent Variable (DV)?
Internal validity asks if the study measures what it ____
What is claims to measure?
Studying people in their natural environment.
What is naturalistic observation?
After a study, researchers must explain the true purpose by _____
What is debriefing?
Define operationalization in one sentence.
What is turning abstract concepts into measurable variables?
Variables that could affect the DV.
(Hint: not the IV)
What are Confounding or Extraneous Variables?
Two types of external validity.
What is Population Validity and Ecological Validity?
Type of study where we are surveying students on sleep and comparing to grades.
What is Correlational Study?
Examples of allowing participants to withdraw at anytime.
What is leaving at anytime, no penalty, and their data must be removed?
Difference between quantitative and qualitative data.
Quantitative = numbers/statistics
Qualitative = descriptive/opinions.
Give an example of how you would operationalize "stress."
What is measuring heart rate; cortisol levels; survey outcomes?
Lab experiments have low ecological validity. Why?
What is artificial setting that doesn't reflect real world behavior.
Studying one person or small group in detail.
What is Case Study?
Give one example of "undue harm."
Meaning of triangulation in psychological research.
What is using multiple methods/sources to study the same phenomenon?
Importance of controlling Extraneous Variables.
What is to maintain Internal Validity and avoid alternative explanations?
Construct validity depends on ...
What is whether the variable is clearly defined and measurable?
The difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal research.
Cross-sectional = data at one time point.
Longitudinal = data collected over time.
Deception is allowed for certain reasons.
What is to avoid bias, minimal harm, and approved by an ethics board?