Schools of Thought
Academic psychology really began with these individuals who posited ideas like empiricism and primarily used rationalism to study the mind
Who were the mental philosophers?
Unlike original experiments, the purpose of this type of experiment is to bolster our confidence in what we think we already know
What is a replication?
This refers solely to the consistency of a measurement.
What is reliability?
First popularized by phrenology, this is the idea that specific areas of your brain have some specialization.
What is cortical localization?
Of the different senses, this one is the dominant one in humans.
What is vision or seeing/sight?
This school of thought wanted to broaden psychology’s subject matter to be the study of the purpose of consciousness.
Who were the functionalists or what is functionalism?
While the point of a true experiment is to determine causality, the point of this type of study is to assess whether there is an association naturally occurring between two variables.
What is a correlational study?
The vast majority of psychology is based on this type of sample.
What is a convenience sample?
This is the largest commissure in your brain and facilitates communication between your two hemispheres
What is the corpus callosum?
The Gestalt principle depicted here enables you to see an “s” instead of two weird looking letters:
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Closure
These psychologists specifically study how time influences us from infancy to death.
Who are developmental psychologists?
While there’s generally a longitudinal aspect to these descriptive designs (as with the case with H. M.), Paul Broca still implemented this design despite making observations after primarily during autopsy since he only met Leborgne once.
What is a case study?
This assesses the extent to which we’re measuring what we think it is that we’re measuring, and we can have a high level of it in a true experiment.
What is validity?
This fatty protein layer provides insulation and helps the action potential to travel down.
Myelin Sheath
The Gestalt principle depicted here enables you to see a “p” emerging from an “s” instead of a “p” surrounded by two separate letters like a “c” or a “u”:
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Continuity
These psychologists may study The Big 5 (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) and other theories in their quest to understand what makes an individual an individual.
Who are personality psychologists?
An experiment is said to implement this design if both the experimenter and participant do not know who is in the control versus the experimental group.
What is a double-blind study design?
This often makes self-report suspect because we naturally want to appear better than we may actually be.
What is social desirability bias?
Once stimulated enough, the neuron fires an action potential that travels down this, so it can be received by the dendrites of a neighboring neuron.
Axon
The Gestalt principle depicted here enables us to see all these different pieces converging into a single whole due to the lack of distance among them:
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Proximity
These psychologists often study workplace issues like leadership, conflict resolution, and productivity.
Who are industrial/organizational psychologists?
In addition to having a true independent variable (i.e., something you directly manipulate), this condition is also necessary before you can call a study a true experiment.
What is random assignment?
This, often referred to as the third variable, is an overlooked aspect that becomes problematic because it makes it difficult to pinpoint whether your outcome is due to your manipulation.
What is a confounding variable?
This is the growth and formation of new dendrites.
Arborization
This is the general process of taking information from the sensory organs and converting it to neural impulses that can be interpreted by the brain
What is transduction or transformation?