The Scientific Attitude, Critical Thinking, and Developing Arguments
The Need for Psychological Science
The Scientific Method
Correlation and Experimentation
Research Design and Ethics
100

 It is the science of behavior and mental processes

Psychology


100

We tend to think we know more than we do. What is this called?

Overconfidence


100

A self-correcting process for evaluating ideas with observation and analysis

The Scientific Method

100

Give me an example of a correlation

Answers may vary

100

Give me an example of qualitative research

Interview, case study, naturalistic study

200

Example of a question that can not be answered by psychology

There are many answers including "Is there life after death?"

200

The term for the "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon

Hindsight Bias

200

Scientific experts who evaluate a research article's theory, originality, and accuracy.

Peer Reviewers

200

Give me an example of a positive correlation

Answers may vary (e.g. height and age)

200

Example of quantitative research

survey with a scale of 1-5

questionnaire with responses that fall on a continuum such as "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree"

300

Thinking that does not automatically accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

Critical Thinking


300

Saying "I always knew they were not a good match" after a couple breaks up is an example of 

Hindsight Bias

300

An example of a non-experimental method

Case study

Naturalistic observations

Surveys

Interviews

300

What is a directionality problem?

when a study cannot tell us which variable is the cause and which one is the effect

300

Name 3 of the 4 things required according to ethic codes 

1) informed consent

2) protect from greater-than-usual harm

3) keep information confidential

4) fully debrief people

400

The three key elements of the scientific attitude

Curiosity

Skepticism

Humility

400

Give an example of perceiving order in random events

Examples include seeing a face on the moon, streaks of heads and tails when flipping a coin, etc.

400

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis

A theory explains behaviors and events by offering ideas that organize observations

A hypothesis is a testable prediction 

400

Give me an example of regression toward the mean

Test score on a bad day followed by an average test score


400

What is manipulated in experimental studies

The independent variable

500

Which of the elements of a scientific attitude is most associated with the question, “Does it work?”

Curiosity

500

List the 3 cognitive biases

1) Hindsight bias

2) Overconfidence

3) Tendency to perceive order in random events

500

What is the definition for falsifiability

the possibility that an idea, hypothesis, or theory can be disproven by observation or experiment. 

(Low-falsifiability experiments are often vague, while high-falsifiability experiments are specific and measurable)

500

Give me an example of an experiment. Include the terms "experimental group" "control group" "independent variable" "dependent variable" and tell me whether it is a single or double blind procedure. 

Answers may vary

500

What are theoretical principles (provide an example)

the resulting principles - not the specific findings -that help explain everyday behaviors

Boho study looks at how children can be influenced by watching violent media