Name that perspective
Mrs. Mac believes that students are motivated to act out in class by their unmet needs in esteem and belonging.
Humanistic:
Mrs. Mac believes that unmet needs like esteem and belonging drive behavior, which is characteristic of the humanistic approach. It reflects a focus on understanding human behavior through the lens of individual needs, personal growth, and the drive to fulfill potential.
As a grad student, Helen studies the ways in which people’s relationships shape their behavior.
Sociocultural:
This study looks at how people’s relationships and social environments shape behavior, emphasizing cultural and societal influences.
Sana wears skirts and dresses because that is the norm in the society where she lives.
Sociocultural:
Sana’s clothing choices reflect societal norms, aligning with the sociocultural perspective.
In-depth study of an individual or small group.
Case-Study
John Watson, Pavlov, B.F. Skinner
Behavioral
A therapist asks you to focus on the ways in which your negative thoughts affect your life.
Cognitive:
The therapist focuses on how your negative thoughts impact your life. Cognitive psychology examines how we think and process information.
Skylar is afraid of snakes because this fear protected her ancestors from death by snake bite.
Evolutionary:
Skylar's fear of snakes is explained as an evolutionary trait that helped ancestors survive.
Dr. Carlin studies the way that students encode information into their long-term memory.
Cognitive:
Dr. Carlin studies how information is stored in memory, a primary focus of cognitive psychology.
Collects data through questionnaires or interviews.
Surveys
Carl Rogers
Humanistic
A patient undergoes deep brain stimulation to treat their depression.
Neurobiological:
Deep brain stimulation involves directly altering brain activity to treat depression, which ties to the neurobiological perspective.
Greg acts out in class because his peers reinforce the behavior by laughing at his jokes.
Behavioral:
Greg's classmates laughing reinforces his acting out, illustrating the behavioral focus on rewards and consequences.
Chelsea has impulse control issues because she has a weak sense of ego.
Psychodynamic:
Chelsea’s impulse issues are tied to her weak ego, a concept from psychodynamic theory emphasizing unconscious conflicts.
Observing subjects in their natural environment.
Naturalistic observation
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Connie’s therapist thinks her depression stems from her lack of a strong bond with her mother as a child.
Psychodynamic:
The therapist links Connie's depression to childhood experiences and relationships, a key focus in psychodynamic theory.
Mai’s therapist is caring, accepting and non-judgmental in their sessions. He actively listens to what Mai has to stay.
Humanistic:
Mai's therapist is supportive and accepting, emphasizing personal growth and empathy, hallmarks of the humanistic approach.
Steve has poor self-esteem because there is a large gap between his ideal self and his actual self.
Humanistic:
Steve’s low self-esteem comes from a mismatch between his ideal and actual self, a key idea in humanistic psychology.
Examines relationships between variables.
Correlation
What did Stanley Milgram's shock experiment study?
Studied obedience to authority, exploring whether individuals would obey instructions to harm another person because an authority figure told them to.
Mr. Fritz uses tokens as incentives to get his students to behave in his class.
Behavioral:
Mr. Fritz uses tokens to encourage good behavior, showing a focus on rewards and punishments central to behavioral psychology.
Frank has trouble with his memory due to his abnormally small hippocampus (part of the brain responsible for memory).
Neurobiological:
Frank's memory issues are linked to a small hippocampus, highlighting the role of brain structures in behavior.
The Newman’s train their dog not to leave the yard by using an invisible fence that delivers low level shocks if the dog passes it.
Behavioral:
Using shocks to train the dog reflects behavioral principles of learning through consequences.
Involves manipulation of variables to establish cause and effect.
Experiment
What did the Stanford Prison Experiment study?
This experiment studied the psychological effects of perceived power and powerlessness in a simulated prison environment, specifically investigating how situational factors and assigned roles influence behavior, often leading to rapid changes in healthy individuals.