Memory
An indication that learning can be displayed over a course of time.
What is Memory?
The lack of ability to recall past information or events
What is Retrograde amnesia?
The step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution to a problem.
What is an Algorithm?
When we retain the information
What is storage?
What is intellegence?
The ability to solve problems, learn from experience,and use knowledge to to adapt to new situations.
What are the Levels of Processing?
Shallow processing: Weaker, shorter-lasting memories, doesn’t look much at the deeper meaning.
Deep processing: Stronger lasting memories, looks more towards hidden or deeper meanings.
putting the wrong source to an event we have experienced.
What is source amnesia?
Operant learning
- Imitation: Saying words as mom and day say them
- Association: association sounds with pictures
- Reinforcement: Hugs, smiles, high fives, etc.
Who is BF Skinner?
Using what’s already available to us in order to base our judgement.
What is Availability Heuristics?
The standardized results of test typical taking the shape of a bell.
What is the bell curve?
Explain the difference between effortful processing and automatic processing.
Effortful processing: Processing that requires control and focus.
Automatic processing: Processing that is easier, doesn’t involve or require focus or effort.
You damage your hippocampus due to a hard fall on your bike as a teenager, it’s now very difficult for you to learn and remember things after your teenage years.
What is an example of Anterograde amnesia?
How are algorithms and heuristics different?
Algorithms are a slower process while Heuristics is faster.
Define Sensory Memory
Memory that fastly records information in our system.
A technique used to look at clusters of related items which allow researchers to see various patterns of the test.
What is the factor analysis?
What are the 3 stages of memory?
(list and explain each one)
- Encoding: This is when we get information to the brain
- Storage: when we retain the information
- Retrieval: when we get that information back out of the brain
Give an example of retrieval failure
(Open-ended)
- when we know a word, but we cannot remember it, and it feels as if the word is stuck at the tip of the tongue.
4 Months: Babbling stage - infants utter sounds
10 months: Phoneme sounds in infants language disappears
1 year: One word stage
2 years: Two word stage
3+ years: formation of complete sentences
Define Confirmation Bias
Only looking for evidence that confirms their pre-existing beliefs.
Define the Charles Spearman theory
(open-ended)
Theory that states that if someone does good on one part of an intelligence test that they would have the tendency to do better on the parts of the test.
What are ways that we retrieve memory?
- Priming
- Context-dependent memory
- State-dependent memory
- Serial position memory
- Primacy vs. Recency
Define and give an example of Proactive interference
- definition: Old information is keeping you from remembering new information.
- Example (Open ended): When asked to answer a review question that consists of something you learned 3 units ago, you cannot remember because of the new information learned since then.
Explain a way in which thinking may be biased.
- confirmation bias
- fixation
- function fixation
- belief perserverence
- generating possible answers then identifying the correct answers
- given possible answers and have to choose the correct one.
- learning something for a second time.
What do the words recall, recognition, and relearning mean?
What are the 8 types of intellegence?
Linguistic, Logical/mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily/kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic intelligence