People
What is another name for Classical Conditioning?
Pavlovian Conditioning
What are the terms for strengthening and diminishing behavior?
Reinforcement and Punishment
What is the UCR?
An unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus.
What is immediate reinforcement?
reinforcements that happen immediately.
What is the overjustification effect?
the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do.
What is Edward L. Thorndike’s principle, and what is its meaning?
What is Respondent Behavior?
What is the UCS?
Stimulus that automatically and naturally trigger a response
What is continuous reinforcement?
Reinforcing the desired response each time it occurs.
What is generalization?
A behavior that spreads from one situation to another similar one.
Who took a baby named Albert and conditioned him to be afraid of white furry objects using Pavlov’s techniques?
John B. Watson
What is operant behavior?
Operates (acts) on environment - Produces consequences.
What is the CR?
A learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus
What is partial (intermittent) reinforcement?
Reinforcing a response only part of the time - Such as giving a dog a treat sometimes after it listens.
What is a cognitive map?
A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment.
Ex. Knowing how to navigate your house in the dark.
Who concluded that not all neutral stimuli can become conditioned stimuli?
John Garcia
What type of operant conditioning is giving a dog a treat for sitting when you command it to?
Positive reinforcement
What is extinction?
If a stimulus is never reinforced, then the response will go away.
What is the difference between a fixed vs variable ratio?
Fixed = Reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses. variable = Reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.
What is latent learning?
Acquiring knowledge or skills without immediate reward, which is then revealed later when there is motivation to do so.
Who proved that fears can be unlearned using an early form of desensitization?
Mary Cover Jones
What type of operant conditioning is putting on a seatbelt to stop a car from the warning buzzing?
Negative reinforcement
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
After extinction, a response will suddenly reappear.
What is fixed and variable intervals?
fixed = reinforces a response only after specified time has passed. Variable = reinforces a response after an unpredictable amount of time.
What is chaining?
When each part of a sequence is reinforced; the different parts are put together into a whole.
Ex. Learning the steps to a dance.