Memory Basics
The process of retaining encoded information over time.
Storage
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.
Recall
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
Emotional Intelligence
A test designed to assess what a person has learned.
Achievement Test
A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Down Syndrome
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
Effortful Processing
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
Flashbulb Memory
Howard Gardner proposed a theory that there are this many intelligences.
Eight
A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life. (Formerly referred to as mental retardation.)
Intellectual Disability
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.
Fluid Intelligence
A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.
Working Memory
An inability to form new memories.
Anterograde Amnesia
A general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
General Intelligence (g)
Lewis Terman worked at this University, where he created one of the first intelligence tests (based off of Binet).
Stanford
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
Validity
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.
Mnemonics
Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event.
Misinformation Effect
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
Savant Syndrome
The most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
The WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)
What was the original formula for IQ?
IQ = mental age / chronological age x 100
This model proposes a three-stage process of memory, including Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and Long-Term Memory.
Atkinsin-Shiffrin Model -OR- Multi-Store Model -OR- Modal Model
This psychologist developed the Forgetting Curve, which illustrates that we forget a good chunk of information quickly, and then retention levels off over time.
Herman Ebbinghaus
This psychologist created a triarchic model of intelligence, including the sections of Analytical Intelligence, Creative Intelligence, and Practical Intelligence.
Robert Sternberg
This term is used to describe the observed phenomenon of dramatically rising IQ scores over the last century.
The Flynn Effect
Approximately what percent of human beings would score between an 85 and a 115 on an intelligence test?
68%