Unit 1 Topic 1: The Role of the Brain
What is central nervous system?
The CNS is the body's processing centre. It includes the brain and spinal cord.
Which of the following is NOT a common sleep disorder?
A) Insomnia
B) Narcolepsy
C) Synesthesia
D) Sleep apnea
C) Synesthesia
Which type of long term memory stores facts and general knowledge?
A) Procedural memory
B) Episodic memory
C) Semantic memory
D) Working memory
C) Semantic memory
Which of the following best describes the difference between sensation and perception?
A) Sensation involves interpreting sensory information, while perception only involves detecting stimuli.
B) Sensation refers to detecting stimuli, while perception involves interpreting and making sense of sensory information.
C) Sensation occurs in the brain, while perception happens in the sensory organs.
D) Sensation and perception are the same process and occur simultaneously.
B) Sensation refers to detecting stimuli, while perception involves interpreting and making sense of sensory information.
What has to be broken before you can use it?
An egg
What are the names of the four lobes of the brain?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
Order the following from complete lack of awareness to complete awareness: coma, normal wakefulness, asleep, anaesthetised, daydreaming.
Coma, Anaesthesia, Asleep, Daydreaming, Normal wakefulness
What are the three components of the multi-store model of memory?
Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
Name a biological influence on visual perception.
Physiological makeup and genetics (eye structure, colour blindness, retinitis pigmentosa), ageing (presbyopia, cataracts, macular degeneration)
You see a boat filled with people. It hasn't sunk, but when you look again, you don't see a single person on board. Why?
Everyone on the boat is marred.
Any two of the following:
Positron emission tomograph (PET)
Magnetic reconance imaging (MRI)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Electroencephalography (EEG)
What two hormones control the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin and cortisol
Provide an example of an implicit and explicit memory.
Implicit (information remembered unconsciously and effortlessly) riding a bike, singing along to music
Explicit (information you consciously work to remember) how to do a maths equation, your 5th birthday party
People learn how to interpret images through education and social norms. For example, the study with African children interpreting an image of a warrier (Hudson and Deregowski).
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment, but never in a thousand years?
The letter 'M'
Name the parts of a neuron:
D ________
A ____
N _________
Dendrites
Axon
Nucleus
What are the two states of sleep?
Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM)
Rapid eye movement (REM)
What parts of the brain are primarily involved with memory?
Hippocampus and Cerebellum.
Name a visual perception principle.
Perceptual consistencies (size and shape)
Gestalt principles (figure-ground organisation, closure, similarity, proximity)
Depth perception (binocular and monocular depth cues)
There are only three people - a grandfather, father and son.
What are the key roles of Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Geschwind's territory?
Broca's area: Speech function
Wernicke's area: Language development and comprehension of speech
Geschwind's territory: Connects the two areas, Aquisition of language in childhood
Explain the restorative theory of sleep.
Sleep provides time out to help us recover from depleting activities during waking time that use up the body's physical and mental resources.
What is context-dependent memory and give an example?
Retrieval cues help trigger the recall of stored information by providing associations linked to the memory. For example, if a student is trying to remember a vocabulary word during an exam, they might recall the context in which they studied it—such as the color of their notes or the location where they were studying. This is known as context-dependent memory, where being in the same environment as when the memory was encoded improves recall.
Draw a diagram to show the process of visual perception from the eye to the brain (hint: these are the six stages: reception, transduction, transmission, selection, organisation and interpretation)
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A man is found dead in an alley. Next to him is a briefcase, an umbrella, and a glass of water. The police say it was not a robbery, and there were no wounds. What happened?
He was a skydiver, and his parachute failed to open.