Attachment
Memory
Psychopathology
Issues & Debates
TWIST
100

The first 2.5 years of a child's life, during which separation from a primary caregiver is likely to lead to psychological damage.

Critical period (Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation)

100

A model of memory made up of 3 stores. Lacks detail for the STM.

Multi-store model

100

A way to define abnormality based on how rare a behaviour is.

Statistical infrequency

100

Understanding a behaviour only within the context of the culture in which it is observed.

Cultural relativism

100

7+/- 2

Miller's magic number - STM capacity

200

A meta-analysis of 32 studies, finding variations in attachment styles across cultures. 

Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988)

200

Long term memories involving how we do things, including actions and skills.

Procedural memory

200

A type of counter-conditioning used to treat phobias. A pleasant, relaxed state is gradually associated with increasingly anxiety-triggering stimuli.

Systematic desensitisation.

200

Minimising differences between genders.

Beta bias

200

Argued by Grossman to play a distinctive role in a child's development through play.

Fathers.

300

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

Conditioned response.

300

Holds a supervisory role for the working memory model.

Central executive

300

Has real world application in helping to diagnose antisocial personality disorder.

Deviation from social norms

300

Suggests all behaviour can be explained through stimulus-response interactions.

Environmental reductionism

300

Model suggesting behaviour is caused by a biological/ environmental vulnerability which is only expressed when coupled with a biological/ environmental trigger.

Diathesis-stress model (Nature-nurture debate)

400

Disinhibited attachment and damage to intellectual development.

Effects of institutionalisation.

400

When new memories interfere with old ones.

Retroactive interference

400

Extension to the ABC model. ABCDE.

Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) - Ellis.

400

Researcher who investigated IQ, concluding that it is genetic and fixed by the age of 11 years.

Burt (1955)

400

Research showing that fear responses can be conditioned beyond animals, in humans.

Little Albert study - Watson & Rayner (1920)

500

3% of British toddlers. Explores less and seeks greater proximity.

Insecure-resistant attachment.

500

Reducing anxiety, minimising distractions, asking open-ended questions. 

Enhanced cognitive interview

500
Candidate gene for OCD.

SERT, 5HT1-D, COMT

500

Uses standardised methods with samples that can be replicated easily. 

Nomothetic approach

500

Researchers who investigated divers to better understand context-dependent forgetting. 

Godden & Baddeley (1975)