Attachment
The first 2.5 years of a child's life, during which separation from a primary caregiver is likely to lead to psychological damage.
Critical period (Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation)
A model of memory made up of 3 stores. Lacks detail for the STM.
Multi-store model
A way to define abnormality based on how rare a behaviour is.
Statistical infrequency
Understanding a behaviour only within the context of the culture in which it is observed.
Cultural relativism
7+/- 2
Miller's magic number - STM capacity
A meta-analysis of 32 studies, finding variations in attachment styles across cultures.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988)
Long term memories involving how we do things, including actions and skills.
Procedural memory
A type of counter-conditioning used to treat phobias. A pleasant, relaxed state is gradually associated with increasingly anxiety-triggering stimuli.
Systematic desensitisation.
Minimising differences between genders.
Beta bias
Argued by Grossman to play a distinctive role in a child's development through play.
Fathers.
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
Conditioned response.
Holds a supervisory role for the working memory model.
Central executive
Has real world application in helping to diagnose antisocial personality disorder.
Deviation from social norms
Suggests all behaviour can be explained through stimulus-response interactions.
Environmental reductionism
Model suggesting behaviour is caused by a biological/ environmental vulnerability which is only expressed when coupled with a biological/ environmental trigger.
Diathesis-stress model (Nature-nurture debate)
Disinhibited attachment and damage to intellectual development.
Effects of institutionalisation.
When new memories interfere with old ones.
Retroactive interference
Extension to the ABC model. ABCDE.
Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) - Ellis.
Researcher who investigated IQ, concluding that it is genetic and fixed by the age of 11 years.
Burt (1955)
Research showing that fear responses can be conditioned beyond animals, in humans.
Little Albert study - Watson & Rayner (1920)
3% of British toddlers. Explores less and seeks greater proximity.
Insecure-resistant attachment.
Reducing anxiety, minimising distractions, asking open-ended questions.
Enhanced cognitive interview
SERT, 5HT1-D, COMT
Uses standardised methods with samples that can be replicated easily.
Nomothetic approach
Researchers who investigated divers to better understand context-dependent forgetting.
Godden & Baddeley (1975)