The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
What is Psychology
100
A focus on the body, brain and nervous system
ex. hands sweating, heart racing, lie detector
What is the biological method?
100
(Approach) - observable behaviors in reaction to the environment
Punishment and reward
What is the behavioral method?
100
Describing some phenomenon; what/how often
Cannot answer how/why things are the way they are.
Examples: observations, surveys/interviews, case studies
What is the Descriptive method?
100
1) Manipulated factor; potential cause
2) Outcome; factor that can change
What is 1) independent variable and 2)dependent variable?
200
Everything that can be directly observed, such as crying, smiling, laughing, etc.
What is Behavior?
200
Social and cultural environments influence behavior, cross cultural research
What is the sociocultural approach?
200
(Approach) - sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel and behave
Childhood experiences
What is the psychodynamic approach?
200
Discovering "whether and how" relationships between two variables change
ex. hours studying and high test scores
Does not mean Causation!
What is correlational research?
200
1) Participants who receive treatment
2) Participants not exposed to treatment; given placebo
What is 1) experimental group, 2) control group?
300
Using systematic methods to observe the natural world, including behavior and drawing conclusions
Structure, can be repeated
What is Science?
300
Mental processes (memory, perception, images, thinking); control behavior vs. environmental influence
What is the cognitive approach?
300
A broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations
What is a theory?
300
Establishing causal relationships between variables through manipulation of one or more variables
What is experimental research?
300
1) Harmless substance that has no effect, "control"
2) Participants expectations produce outcome rather than treatment
What is 1) placebo, 2)placebo effect?
400
thoughts, feelings and motives that each of us experiences privately but CANNOT BE DIRECTLY OBSERVED such as feelings, thinkings and thoughts
testable prediction that derives logically from a theory
What is a hypothesis?
400
1) circumstance where variable that has not been measured accounts for relationship between two other variables (also known as confounds)
2) special kind of systematic observation used by researchers that involves obtaining measures of variables of interest in multiple waves over time
What is 1) third-variable problem, 2) longitudinal design?
400
1) Experimenters expectations influence outcome
2) Behavior of research participants during experiment is influenced by how they think they are supposed to behave or expectations about what is happening to them
What is 1) Experimenter bias, 2) Research participant bias?
500
Anything that can change that is studied by a scientist
What is a variable?
500
Emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth and the freedom to choose one's destiny.
Altruism, motivation and free will
What is the humanistic approach?
500
The five steps in the scientific method.
What are 1. observe. 2. hypothesis/predictions 3. testing through empirical research. 4. draw conclusions 5. evaluate conclusions
500
1) any aspects of study that communicate to participants how experimenter wants them to behave
2) neither experimenter nor participants are aware of which are experimental and which are control
What is 1) demand characteristics, 2) double-blind experiment?
500
1) Degree to which experimental design reflects real world issues
2) degree to which dependent variable changes are due to manipulation of independent variable
What is 1) external validity, 2)internal validity?