historical perspectives
During the middle ages, ______was often used to treat mental illness.
what is an exoricism
A system that contains criteria for mental disorders
what is the DSM-V?
when nervous feelings escalate into intense bouts of fear , this is
what is a panic attack
____________ is predicting terrible events despite low probability
what is catastrophizing
depressed people seek out reassurance, which makes others dislike and reject them. This leads to a lack of social support. This explanation of depression is the _____________________ ______________
what is the interpersonal model?
institutions for the mentally ill created in the fifteenth century (Renaissance) were known as
what are asylums
the ____________ is the number of individuals affected by a disorder at a certain time
what is prevalence?
a fear of being in a place of situation in which escape is difficult is known as
what is agoraphobia?
distractions like cleaning may reduce anxiety for a time, this strengthens the behavior through _________________ ________________
negative reinforcement
symptoms include sadness, irritability, thoughts of suicide , feeling overwhelmed and lost of interest in people or activities
what is major depressive disorder?
In the early 1950s, a policy of _________________ was enacted as more medications came to the market.
what is deinstitutionalization
when we first rule out physical causes of symptoms we are thinking_______________ according to the DSM -V
what is organically?
flashbacks, recurrent dreams and avoiding reminders of the trauma are symptoms of
what is post traumatic stress disorder?
learning to fear a pair of pants worn during a car crash is an example of _______________ ____________
what is classical conditioning?
the ___________ model holds that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations (exaggerating the negatives)
what is the cognitive model?
certain mental disorders only manifest in certain cultures (koro, amok). This is an example of _____________
what is culture bound ?
a legal term that refers to whether the person was responsible for their actions
what is insanity?
symptoms include feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability
what is generalized anxiety disorder?
Once a phobia is learned, avoiding the feared object is negatively reinforcing and prevents extinction of fear response (not wearing pants eve again, gets rid of the feeling associated with the pants...this is an example of ____________________ ___________
what is operant conditioning ?
depression appears to be linked to, low levels of _____________, the neurotransmitter most closely tied to reward
what is dopamine?
despite cultural differences, there are disorders that are culturally universal, this is_________ _________
what is cultural universality
a procedure for protecting us from certain people with mental disorders
what is involuntary commitment?
persistent ideas, thoughts or impulses that are unwanted are known as ___________ whereas repetitive behaviors or mental acts such as handwashing, checking, and/or counting are known as ___________________
what are obsessions and compulsions
many anxiety disorders are ________________ _______________ through a level of neuroticism
what is genetically influenced?
we feel helpless in the face of events we can't control . People with depression attribute failure internally and have GLOBAL, STABLE attributions. this is an example of the ________________ _____________ model of depression
what is learned helplessness?